Explanation

Explanation

The particle that comprises two protons and two neutrons is an alpha particle (α).

Alpha particles are emitted from the nucleus of an atom during a type of radioactive decay called alpha decay or α-emission.

Explanation

A battery is connected in an electric circuit to provide a constant potential difference (voltage) across the circuit, allowing electric current to flow through the conductors.

The battery maintains a constant voltage, ensuring a consistent flow of current through the circuit.

Explanation

The presence of a dielectric material between the plates of a capacitor increases the capacitance of the capacitor.

The dielectric material reduces the electric field between the plates, allowing more charge to be stored on the plates, and thus increasing the capacitance.

Explanation

The magnitude of the force between two unit positive charges (each with a charge of 1 Coulomb) separated by a distance of 1 meter in a vacuum is given by Coulomb's Law:

F = k × (q1 × q2) / r^2

where:

F = force (in Newtons)

k = Coulomb's constant (approximately 8.98755 × 10^9 N m^2 C^2)

q1 and q2 are the charges (in Coulombs)

r is the distance between the charges (in meters)

Plugging in the values, we get:

F ≈ (8.98755 × 10^9 N m^2 C^2) × (1 C × 1 C) / (1 m)^2

F ≈ 8.98755 × 10^9 N

F ≈ 9 × 10^9 N (approximately)

Since 1 Newton is equal to 10^9 N (by definition), we can simplify the answer to:

F ≈ 1 N (approximately)

Explanation

Heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to change the temperature of a substance by a given amount.

It is calculated as the product of the mass of the substance and its specific heat capacity:

Heat Capacity = mass x specific heat capacity

Explanation

Coal, gas, and oil are all examples of fossil fuels, which are energy resources formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals over millions of years.

Fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy.

Additional Information:

• Tidal energy is energy generated from ocean tides
• Nuclear energy is energy generated from the nucleus of atoms
• Biomass energy is energy generated from organic matter (plants, wood, waste)

Explanation

When a gas is heated in a sealed cylinder:

• The temperature of the gas increases (by definition of heating).
• The average kinetic energy of the particles increases (as the temperature rises, the molecules move faster).
• The pressure inside the container increases (as the molecules move faster and collide more frequently with the container walls).

Explanation

• A wedge is an object with at least one slanting side ending in a sharp edge, which is used to cut or split material apart.
• Examples: Axes, knives, chisels, plough nall, sharpener, iron nails and pins (push pin).

Explanation

When the parachute opens, the air resistance increases.

The skydiver slows down until a new, lower terminal velocity is reached.

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ND18-1-2023