Behavioral Psychology | MCQs

Explanation

Punishment involves applying a consequence (like benching) to reduce an undesirable behavior (poor performance).

It is used to discourage repetition of that behavior in the future.

Explanation

In a Passive Learning Environment, students receive information and respond to stimuli with little active engagement.

This aligns with the stimulus-response method where learning is measured by correct reactions to teacher prompts.

Explanation

The Mechanistic Perspective sees behavior as a direct result of stimulus-response interactions, which is central to both Classical and Operant Conditioning.

These conditioning types explain how external stimuli lead to learned behaviors through reinforcement or association.

Explanation

Classical conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a meaningful response through repeated pairing.

It was first described by Ivan Pavlov in his experiments with dogs.

Explanation

B.F. Skinner developed Operant Conditioning, a theory where behavior is shaped by rewards (reinforcements) or punishments.

He conducted experiments using a "Skinner box" to demonstrate this process.

Explanation

Ivan Pavlov is famous for his experiments with dogs, where he demonstrated classical conditioning by pairing a neutral stimulus (a bell) with food, causing the dogs to salivate in response to the bell.

This type of learning involves creating an association between a stimulus and a response.

Explanation

Motivation refers to the reason or reasons behind a person's actions, behaviors, or goals.

It is the driving force that influences how and why individuals act in certain ways.

Explanation

According to Behavior learning theory, motivation is seen as a consequence of reinforcement, where behaviors are shaped and maintained by rewards or punishments.

Reinforcement strengthens the likelihood of a behavior being repeated, thus driving motivation.

Explanation

Definition: Negative reinforcement is a behavioral concept where a behavior is strengthened or encouraged by removing an unpleasant or aversive stimulus.

How It Works: An aversive stimulus is removed or avoided following a desired behavior, increasing the likelihood that the behavior will be repeated in the future.

Example: If a student studies hard to avoid getting a low grade, the removal of the threat of a failing grade reinforces their studying behavior.

Purpose: The goal of negative reinforcement is to increase the frequency of a behavior by eliminating something undesirable when the behavior occurs.

Explanation