Explanation

Al-Shafi'i (d. 820 CE) was a renowned Islamic scholar and jurist.

He is known for his work on the principles of Islamic jurisprudence, particularly in his book "Al-Risala" (The Treatise).

Al-Shafi'i's contributions to Islamic jurisprudence include:

• Developing the concept of "usul al-fiqh" (principles of jurisprudence)
• Establishing the importance of "ijma" (consensus) and "qiyas" (analogical reasoning) in legal decision-making
• Clarifying the role of "hadith" (Prophetic traditions) in shaping Islamic law

Explanation

• An able teacher engages students in their work, fostering a deeper understanding and enthusiasm for learning.
• This leads to increased motivation, participation, and academic achievement, making learning a meaningful and enjoyable experience.

Explanation

Mutazilisim is an Islamic theological school that emerged in the 8th century CE, emphasizing the role of reason in understanding divine commands.

They believed that human reason could be used to interpret the Quran and the Hadith (the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad), and that individuals had the freedom to choose between good and evil.

Explanation

Attitude can:

• Be overt or covert: Attitudes can be openly expressed (overt) or hidden (covert).
• Provide basis for individual differences: Attitudes shape individual perspectives and behaviors, contributing to unique differences between people.
• Be a measure of cultural differentiation: Attitudes can vary across cultures, reflecting cultural values, beliefs, and practices.

Explanation

• Guidance helps individuals overcome personal, psychological, and social challenges, providing support and strategies to address various issues.
• Through guidance, individuals can develop coping mechanisms, improve their well-being, and achieve their goals, effectively removing these challenges.

Explanation

Gharib (غريب) is a term used in hadith studies to describe a hadith that is narrated by a single reliable narrator throughout the chain of transmission.

This means that the hadith is narrated by only one person at each level of the isnad (chain of transmission), making it a unique or solitary narration.

Explanation

In Islamic law, the punishment for slander (known as "Qadhf" in Arabic) against a pious woman is 80 lashes.

This is based on the Quranic verse:

"And those who accuse chaste women and then do not bring four witnesses, flog them, (giving) eighty lashes, and do not admit any evidence from them ever." (Quran 24:4)

Explanation

• Free writing is a writing technique where students write freely and continuously for a set period of time (usually 5-10 minutes) without stopping or worrying about grammar, spelling, or syntax.
• This activity aims to stimulate the flow of ideas and words, helping students to generate thoughts, explore their creativity, and develop their writing fluency.

Explanation

Qiyas (قياس) is the principle of analogical reasoning in Islamic jurisprudence.

It involves using reasoning by analogy to derive a ruling or judgment in a particular case, based on a similar case or principle established in the Quran, Hadith, or previous juristic decisions.

Qiyas is one of the four main sources of Islamic law, alongside:

1. Quran (the holy book of Islam)
2. Hadith (the sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad)
3. Ijma (consensus of the Muslim community)
4. Qiyas (analogical reasoning)

Explanation

Farz Kifayah is also known as Collective Duty.

It refers to the Islamic concept where the community as a whole is responsible for ensuring that certain duties and obligations are fulfilled.

This includes enforcing moral and social justice, promoting good, and preventing evil.

If the community fails to fulfill these duties, individual members may be held accountable.