Explanation

Graphs are a visual representation of data that help students to:

• Study and understand trends and patterns
• Analyze and compare data
• Identify relationships between variables
• Visualize complex information in a clear and concise manner

Explanation

The Naqshband order is a Sufi order that emphasizes the importance of spiritual retreat (khalwa) as a means of spiritual growth and self-purification.

Naqshbandis believe that spiritual retreat allows the individual to focus on their inner self, detach from worldly attachments, and cultivate a deeper connection with God.

The Naqshband order was founded by Baha-ud-Din Naqshband Bukhari (d. 1389 CE) and is known for its emphasis on:

• Spiritual retreat (khalwa)
• Silent contemplation (muraqaba)
• Devotional love (ishq)
• Inner purification (tazkiya)

Explanation

The three merits of proficiency tests are:

1. Approval: Proficiency tests are widely accepted and approved by educational institutions and employers as a measure of an individual's skills and knowledge.
2. Reliability: Proficiency tests are designed to be reliable, meaning that they consistently measure an individual's skills and knowledge accurately.
3. Objectivity: Proficiency tests are designed to be objective, meaning that the results are based on the individual's performance and not influenced by personal biases or opinions.

Explanation

In Hanafi jurisprudence, a marriage contract concluded without the presence of witnesses is considered valid.

The Hanafi school of thought holds that the presence of witnesses is not a essential condition for the validity of a marriage contract.

Explanation

The Chishti Order is a Sufi order that emphasizes the importance of love and devotion to Allah.

It was founded by Abu Ishaq Shami Chishti (d. 941 CE).

He is known for its emphasis on spiritual purification, self-discipline, and love for the Divine.

Explanation

Al-Mawardi (d. 1058 CE) was a renowned Islamic scholar and jurist.

He wrote extensively on the principles of Islamic governance, politics, and public administration.

His most famous work, "Al-Ahkam al-Sultaniyya" (The Ordinances of Government), is a seminal text on Islamic political theory and governance.

Explanation

Al-Ghazali is the author of "Al-Iqtisad Fi Al-I'tiqad".

It is an influential text on Islamic theology that explores the principles of Islamic belief and rationality in theology.

Explanation

• Facilitative questioning is an approach where a teacher or counselor poses questions to help students explore complex or emotionally difficult ideas, encouraging them to think critically and gain insight.
• This type of questioning guides students to discover their own answers and understanding, rather than providing direct answers or solutions.

Explanation

The Chishti Order is a Sufi order that emphasizes the importance of spiritual love and intimacy with Allah.

The Chishti's believe that love is the most powerful force in the universe and that it is the key to unlocking spiritual growth and self-realization.

They emphasize the development of a personal relationship with Allah, characterized by love, devotion, and intimacy.

The Chishti's also emphasize the importance of:

• Ishq (spiritual love)
• Muhabba (divine love)
• Uns (intimacy with Allah)
• Fana (annihilation of the self)

Explanation

Al-Isra' wal-Mi'raj is also known as the Night Journey.

It refers to the Prophet Muhammad's (SAW) journey from Mecca to Jerusalem and then to heaven, where he met with previous prophets and received revelations from Allah (God).

The Night Journey is believed to have taken place in 621 CE, during the Prophet's lifetime.

The terms Al-Isra' and Al-Mi'raj are often used together to describe the entire event, which consists of two parts:

• Al-Isra' (الاسراء): The journey from Mecca to Jerusalem, where the Prophet prayed at the Temple Mount.
• Al-Mi'raj (المعراج): The ascension to heaven, where the Prophet met with previous prophets and received revelations.