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A. Square Planer
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B. Pyramidal
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C. None of these
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D. Tetrahedral
Explanation
According to Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory, XeF₄ (xenon tetrafluoride) has a square planar geometry.
Xenon in XeF₄ has six electron pairs around it: four bonding pairs and two lone pairs.
امونیا انو کی شکل _____ ہے؟
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A. Pyramidal
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B. Octahedral
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C. Tetrahedral
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D. None of these
Explanation
Ammonia (NH₃) has a trigonal pyramidal shape due to one lone pair on the nitrogen atom.
The molecular geometry results from sp³ hybridization and lone pair-bond pair repulsion.
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A. None of these
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B. Square planer
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C. Pentagonal Biplanar
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D. Octahedral
Explanation
Iodine heptafluoride (IF₇) has a pentagonal bipyramidal structure.
In this geometry, iodine is surrounded by seven fluorine atoms:
- five fluorines are arranged in a plane forming a pentagon,
- and the other two fluorines are positioned above and below this plane,
- forming the axial positions.
This arrangement minimizes electron pair repulsion around the iodine atom.
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A. Hybridization
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B. None of these
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C. Ligand Field Theory
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D. Crystal Field Theory
Explanation
- In CH₄ (methane), the observed bond angles are 109.5°, which cannot be explained by pure p orbitals (which would give 90° angles).
- The concept of sp³ hybridization explains the tetrahedral geometry and 109.5° bond angles.
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A. sp^3
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B. sp^2
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C. None of these
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D. sp^3 d
Explanation
- In BH₃, boron forms three sigma bonds with hydrogen and has no lone pairs, leading to sp² hybridization.
- The molecular geometry is trigonal planar, with 120° bond angles.
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A. Tetrahedral, sp^3
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B. None of these
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C. Trigonal planner, sp^2
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D. Linear, sp
Explanation
- In BF₃, boron forms three sigma bonds with fluorine, adopting sp² hybridization.
- The molecular geometry is trigonal planar with a 120° bond angle.
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A. None of these
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B. Trigonal
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C. Trigonal pyramidal
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D. Tetrahedral
Explanation
- Phosphorus trichloride (PCl₃) has a trigonal pyramidal shape.
- Due to 3 bond pairs and 1 lone pair on the central phosphorus atom.
- The lone pair causes a repulsion, giving it this geometry according to the VSEPR theory.
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