A. Hybridization
B. None of these
C. Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT)
D. Resonance
Explanation
O₂ (oxygen molecule) is paramagnetic because it has unpaired electrons in its molecular orbitals.
According to Molecular Orbital Theory (MOT), the electronic configuration of O₂ reveals
There are two unpaired electrons in the π* anti-bonding orbitals, which are responsible for its paramagnetic properties.
Hybridization and resonance do not directly explain the presence of unpaired electrons in this context.
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A. NO
B. CN⁻
C. O2
D. None of these
Explanation
Two species are isoelectronic if they have the same number of electrons .
N₂ has 14 electrons (7 from each nitrogen atom).
CN⁻ also has 14 electrons (6 from carbon, 7 from nitrogen, and 1 extra due to the negative charge).
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ایک مداری جو جوہری مدار کے مقابلے میں کم توانائی رکھتا ہے جس سے یہ تشکیل پایا جاتا ہے اسے ______ کہا جاتا ہے؟
A. Antibounding
B. Bounding
C. None of these
D. Addition
Explanation
A bonding orbital is formed by the constructive interference of atomic orbitals. It resulting in lower energy compared to the atomic orbitals. It promotes the stability of the molecule by holding the nuclei together. Show/Hide Explanation
A. Hybridization
B. VSEPR theory
C. M.O theory
D. None of these
Explanation
BF₃ has a trigonal planar geometry with 120° bond angles, which cannot be explained by pure p orbitals (90°) . The concept of sp² hybridization explains the observed bond angles by mixing one s and two p orbitals. Show/Hide Explanation
Explanation
Bond order = ½ (Number of bonding electrons − Number of antibonding electrons)
For H₂:
- Bonding electrons = 2
- Antibonding electrons = 0
Bond order = ½ (2 − 0) = 1
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ہائبرڈ مدار کے کس سیٹ میں پلانر سہ رخی شکل ہے؟
A. sp
B. None of these
C. sp²
D. sp³
Explanation
sp² hybridization involves one s and two p orbitals, forming three hybrid orbitals in a planar triangular (trigonal planar) shape.
The bond angles in this geometry are approximately 120° , seen in molecules like BF₃ or C₂H₄ .
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A. Out of the plane
B. Parallel to sp2 orbitals
C. Perpendicular to sp2 orbitals
D. In the same plane
Explanation
In sp² hybridization, the unhybridized p orbital remains perpendicular to the plane formed by the sp² hybridized orbitals , contributing to the f ormation of a π bond.
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A. 20Dq thermic
B. 8Dq
C. 10Dq
D. 0Dq
Explanation
In crystal field theory (CFT), the energy gap between the t2g and eg sets is denoted by 10Dq .
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ایتھیلین میں، کتنے غیر ہائبرڈائزڈ پی - مدار موجود ہیں؟
A. 2
B. 1
C. None of these
D. 4
Explanation
In ethylene ( C 2 H 4 C_2H_4 C 2 H 4 ), each carbon atom undergoes s p 2 sp^2 hybridization , leaving one unhybridized p-orbital per carbon atom. These two unhybridized p-orbitals overlap to form the π pi π
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