Explanation

Choanocytes, also called collar cells, are flagellated cells found in parazoans (sponges).

They help in capturing food particles and aiding digestion by creating a water current.

Explanation

Laughing gas is the common name for nitrous oxide (N₂O), a colorless gas with a slightly sweet smell.

It acts as a mild anesthetic and analgesic.

It is often used in dentistry and surgery.

Explanation

A semiconductor has electrical properties between a conductor and an insulator.

It conducts electricity under certain conditions, making it essential in electronic devices.

Explanation

Transformer works on Faraday's law of mutual induction.

Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction states that,

"When a change takes place in the magnetic flux which is linked with a circuit, an electromotive force current will induce in the circuit"

***

Transformers are used to change AC voltage levels

The transformer work only on an AC supply

Explanation

The function to give a message to effectors is b. Negative feedback. 

Negative feedback: In a negative feedback loop, a sensor detects a change in a controlled variable (like temperature) and sends a signal to a control center (like the hypothalamus).

The control center then sends a signal to an effector (like a sweat gland or muscle) to bring the variable back to its set point. Essentially, the effector's response is opposite to the initial change. 

Explanation

Gastrin is a digestive hormone secreted by G-cells in the pyloric region of the stomach.

It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid (HCl), aiding in the digestion of food.

Explanation

A liquid with very high vapour pressure boils at a lower temperature because it reaches atmospheric pressure more quickly.

Boiling occurs when vapour pressure equals external pressure — higher vapour pressure means this happens sooner.

Explanation

Explanation

Proteins and peptides, when hydrolyzed, break down into α-amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins.

In α-amino acids, the amino group (–NH₂) is attached to the α-carbon, the carbon next to the carboxyl group.

Explanation

A P-N junction is the basic structure of a diode, and how it conducts current depends on how it's connected:

Forward bias:

The positive terminal of the battery is connected to the P-side, and the negative terminal to the N-side.

This reduces the potential barrier, allowing current to flow through the junction.