Explanation

 Bakelite is a thermosetting polymer. 

Thermosetting polymers are plastics that undergo a permanent chemical change when heated,

Forming cross-links that make them rigid and unable to be reshaped or melted after curing.

Bakelite is a classic example of a thermosetting polymer,

Formed through the condensation reaction of phenol and formaldehyde.

It is often used in applications like electrical insulation and handles. 

Explanation

 The process of producing a protein from mRNA is called translation.

First, mRNA, carrying the genetic code from DNA, is created through transcription.

Then, this mRNA molecule travels to ribosomes,

Where it is translated into a specific sequence of amino acids, forming a polypeptide chain.

This polypeptide then folds into a functional protein.

Explanation

I have been helping him for many years.

میں کئی سالوں سے اس کی مدد کر رہا ہوں۔

The sentence uses "for many years", which indicates an action that started in the past and is still continuing.

For such cases, we use the present perfect continuous tense:

$Subject+have/hasbeen+verb-ing$

Explanation

 A sudden change in the genetic material is called a mutation

Mutations can arise from errors during DNA replication, exposure to certain environmental factors, or other types of DNA damage.

These changes can involve alterations in the nucleotide sequence, insertions, deletions, or rearrangements of DNA segments. 

Explanation

When hydrogen loses its electron, it forms H⁺, similar to alkali metals (like Na⁺, K⁺) that also form +1 ions.

Due to this behavior, hydrogen is often placed in Group 1 (alkali metals) in the periodic table.

Explanation

Conveying means علم کی منتقلی یا بات چیت کرنا

Passing on means دوسروں کو معلومات کا اشتراک یا منتقل کرنا

Explanation

Chemosynthetic bacteria obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic compounds like ammonia or hydrogen sulfide.

They use this energy to synthesize food, making them autotrophs without relying on sunlight.

Explanation

Lead (Pb) belongs to Group IVA (Group 14) of the periodic table, along with carbon, silicon, and tin.

Elements in this group have 4 valence electrons and show a mix of metallic and non-metallic properties.

Explanation

The nucleotide found only in RNA is uracil (U).

While RNA and DNA share adenine (A), cytosine (C), and guanine (G), RNA utilizes uracil in place of thymine (T), which is found in DNA. 

Explanation

 Radon is a radioactive noble gas that is used in radiotherapy for cancer treatment due to its ability to emit alpha particles, which can penetrate and damage cancer cells.