Explanation

Freud proposed that the mind is divided into three components: id, ego, and superego,

 that the interactions and conflicts among the components create personality.

According to Freudian theory, the id is the component of personality that forms the basis of our most primitive impulses.

Explanation

 When a person sees images or something that is not present is termed as a hallucination

. Delusions are false beliefs that conflict with reality.

Someone who is psychotic experiences delusions (or false beliefs) or hallucinations (false sights or sounds) as out of touch with reality.

Explanation

In India, the first psychology laboratory and psychology department was established in 1916 at Calcutta University.

It is the first independent dept. of applied psychology in India.

Explanation

Natural law is a theory of ethics that says that human beings possess intrinsic values that govern our reasoning and behavior.

It states that there are universal moral standards that are seen across time periods

and societies because these standards form the basis of a just society.

Explanation

Behaviorism is largely responsible for establishing psychology as a scientific discipline through its objective methods and especially experimentation.

In addition, it is used in behavioral and cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Behavior modification is commonly used in classroom settings.

Explanation

Peer influence is when you choose to do something you wouldn't otherwise do,

because you want to feel accepted and valued by your friends.

It isn't just or always about doing something against your will.

Comparative psychology refers to the scientific study of the behavior and mental processes of non-human animals,

especially as these relate to the phylogenetic history, adaptive significance, and development of behavior.

The phrase comparative psychology may be employed in a narrow and a broad meaning. 

Explanation

Pavlov introduced the ringing of the bell as a neutral stimulus.

An unconditioned stimulus is a stimulus that leads to an automatic response.

In Pavlov's experiment, the food was the unconditioned stimulus.

An unconditioned response is an automatic response to a stimulus.

Explanation

A projective test is a personality test in which subjects are shown ambiguous images and asked to interpret them.

The subjects are to project their own emotions, attitudes, and impulses onto the image,

and then use these projections to explain an image, tell a story, or finish a sentence.

Explanation

The serial-position effect was first discovered by Herman Ebbinghaus.

He was an American psychologist.

The serial-position effect can be defined as a tendency in

which the accuracy of recalling the first and last items in the list is greater,

and the accuracy of recalling the items in the middle is worst.

Explanation

 The serial-position effect can be defined as a tendency in which the accuracy of recalling the first and last items in the list is greater,

and the accuracy of recalling the items in the middle is worst.

The Serial-position effect involves two concepts that are the primacy effect and the recency effect.

In the primacy effect, the accuracy of recalling the items at the beginning of the list is greater than the middle items.

In the recency effect, the accuracy of recalling the items at the end of the list is greater than the items in the middle.