Explanation

When a researcher tests several groups of people at the same time each group at a different age, he is conducting a(n) Cross-sectional  study.

جب ایک محقق ایک ہی وقت میں لوگوں کے کئی گروہوں کو مختلف عمروں میں جانچتا ہے، تو وہ ایک کراس سیکشنل مطالعہ کر رہا ہوتا ہے۔

Explanation

The James-Lange theory of emotion suggests that our emotions are a result of our physiological responses to stimuli.

However, this theory has been discredited because people who have experienced spinal cord injuries and therefore have limited physiological responses still experience emotions.

This suggests that physiological responses are not necessary for the experience of emotions, contradicting the James-Lange theory.

Explanation

 The frontal lobe is a component of the brain.

It regulates crucial human cognitive abilities, including memory, language, problem-solving, emotional expression, etc.

Damage to the frontal lobe causes behavioural abnormalities, decreased creativity, decreased sense of taste and smell, inability to problem-solve or organise work, sadness, and other symptoms.

Explanation

The incentive theory of motivation is a behavioral theory that suggests people are motivated by a drive for incentives and reinforcement.

The incentive theory also proposes that people behave in a way they believe will result in a reward and avoid actions that may entail punishment.

Explanation

Observational learning is a process in which individuals learn by observing the behavior of others, known as models.

This type of learning does not require direct experience or reinforcement, as individuals can acquire new knowledge and skills simply by watching others.

It involves the cognitive processes of attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation.

By observing and imitating the behavior of a model, individuals can learn new behaviors, attitudes, and even emotional responses.

This form of learning is particularly influential during childhood and can greatly impact socialization and the development of various skills.

Explanation

Psychotic depression can cause someone to hear or see things that are not really there.

Someone who is psychotic experiences delusions (or false beliefs) or hallucinations (false sights or sounds) as out of touch with reality.

Explanation

A psychologist is a professional who practices psychology and studies mental states, perceptual, cognitive, emotional, and social processes and behavior.

Their work often involves the experimentation, observation,

and interpretation of how individuals relate to each other and to their environments. 

Explanation

Ethology is a branch of zoology that studies the behaviour of non-human animals.

It has its scientific roots in the work of Charles Darwin and of American and German ornithologists of the

late 19th and early 20th century, including Charles O. Whitman, Oskar Heinroth, and Wallace Craig.

Explanation

A person behavior is usually attributed to external causes when all but one of the following conditions exist The person acts differently in other situations

Explanation

case studies would NOT be useful to a behavioral geneticist

کیس اسٹڈیز رویے کے ماہر جینیات کے لیے مفید نہیں ہوں گی۔

Behavioral geneticists study how individual differences arise, in the present, through the interaction of genes and the environment.

When studying human behavior, behavioral geneticists often employ twin and adoption studies to research questions of interest.