Explanation

Deductive Reasoning moves from general principles to specific conclusions.

Example: "All birds have feathers; a sparrow is a bird; therefore, it has feathers."

Inductive Reasoning moves from specific observations to general conclusions.

Example: "The sun rose today and yesterday; therefore, it always rises in the morning."

Explanation

The student is the central focus of the entire education system — all planning, teaching, and evaluation are designed around their learning needs.

Modern education emphasizes learner-centered approaches, making the student the core of the system.

Explanation

Buzz Groups are small, quickly formed groups (4–6 students) for short discussions or brainstorming.

They promote active participation and quick idea sharing in a limited time.

Explanation

One of the chief aims of individual counseling is to help students gain self-awareness or self-knowledge.

It helps them understand their emotions, behaviors, and thoughts, leading to personal growth and better decision-making.

Explanation

Explanation

Both students and teachers benefit when they actively engage in discussions and share knowledge.

Mutual learning enhances understanding creativity and problem-solving skills.

Explanation

Social Development means معاشرتی ترقی 

Education helps in social development by teaching children communication, teamwork, and ethical values.

It prepares them to interact effectively in society and contribute as responsible citizens.

Explanation

Explanation

Erik Erikson proposed the Psychosocial Development Theory, which includes 8 stages, each marked by a specific conflict (e.g., trust vs. mistrust).

Successful resolution of these conflicts leads to healthy personality development.

Explanation

Wilhelm Wundt, known as the father of experimental psychology.

He was also explored Volkerpsychologie (Ethnic or Cultural Psychology).

He emphasized the complementary role of experimental psychology (lab-based) and ethnic psychology (cross-cultural, language, myths) in understanding human behavior.