Explanation

Explanation

Explanation

Operant conditioning, developed by B.F. Skinner, is learning based on the consequences of behavior (rewards or punishments).

Behavior is strengthened or weakened depending on whether it is followed by reinforcement or punishment.

Explanation

Need analysis in curriculum development identifies the gap between what is taught (theory) and what is required in real-world application (practice).

It ensures the curriculum is relevant and meets learners' practical needs.

Explanation

Diagnostic assessment is used to identify students' current knowledge, skills, and learning gaps before instruction begins.

It helps teachers plan appropriate lessons based on each student's existing learning level.

Explanation

Critical thinking begins when students are encouraged to ask questions and challenge ideas.

Questioning helps them analyze information deeply rather than accepting it at face value.

Explanation

Experiencing the democratic way in school (e.g., through student councils, voting, group decisions) helps children practice and internalize democratic values.

It goes beyond just learning or understanding—it involves actively participating in democratic activities to build responsible citizenship.

Explanation

Measurement is the process of assigning numbers to variables or traits (like height, weight, marks) for quantification.

It provides the basis for further processes like testing, evaluation, and analysis.

Explanation

In educational planning, the acronym "SWOT" stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats.

SWOT analysis is a strategic planning tool used in education and business to assess internal strengths and weaknesses, along with external opportunities and threats.

It helps in decision-making and improving institutional or personal growth.

Explanation

The most important component of a lesson plan is typically the Objectives.

Objectives define what students are expected to learn or accomplish during:

• the lesson
• guiding the selection of content
• teaching methods
• assessment strategies