Explanation

The Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by particles in a colloid or in very fine suspensions.

When light passes through a colloidal solution, the dispersed particles scatter the light in different directions, making the path of the light visible.

Explanation

Angiotensin III is part of the renin-angiotensin system, which regulates blood pressure and fluid balance.

The juxtaglomerular cells, located in the kidneys, release renin in response to a decrease in sodium chloride concentration in the distal tubules.

Renin then catalyzes the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I,

Which is further converted to angiotensin II, and subsequently to angiotensin III.

This cascade helps in regulating blood pressure and sodium balance.

Explanation

dsp2 type of hybridization is seen especially in the case of transition metal ions.

The orbitals involved in this type of hybridization are dx2−y2, s and two p orbitals

Explanation

Iodine heptafluoride (IF₇) has a pentagonal bipyramidal structure.

In this geometry, iodine is surrounded by seven fluorine atoms:

• five fluorines are arranged in a plane forming a pentagon,
• and the other two fluorines are positioned above and below this plane,
• forming the axial positions.

This arrangement minimizes electron pair repulsion around the iodine atom.

Explanation

In a reversible adiabatic process, there is no heat exchange with the surroundings, meaning the system is isolated in terms of heat.

Since entropy is a measure of:

• heat energy dispersal
• no heat is exchanged
• the entropy change in a reversible adiabatic process is zero.
  

Explanation

In the taxonomic hierarchy, the rank that comes directly below the class is the order.

The full hierarchy from broader to more specific categories is:

1. Domain
2. Kingdom
3. Phylum
4. Class
5. Order
6. Family
7. Genus
8. Species.

Explanation

In gastropods (such as snails and slugs), the veliger stage is a crucial developmental phase following the trochophore stage.

During the veliger stage, the larva develops a shell and ciliated structures that help it swim.

Explanation

The nacre is continuously deposited onto the inner surface of the shell

The iridescent nacreous layer is commonly known as the mother of pearl

Nacre is secreted by the epithelial cells of the mantle tissue of various molluscs.

The layers of nacre smooth the shell surface and help defend the soft tissues against parasites 

Explanation

As children grow older, they show increasing evidence of meta memory which is the knowledge about their memory and how it works.

Explanation

In the Linnaean system of classification, the order is a rank below class and above family.

It groups organisms that share common characteristics.