Explanation

A solution that distills without change in composition is called an azeotropic mixture.

It behaves like a single substance during boiling, with constant boiling point and composition.

Explanation

 The Calvin cycle is also known as the C3 cycle or the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.

It can also be referred to as the Calvin-Benson cycle or the reductive pentose phosphate cycle (RPP cycle). 

Explanation

• Bases are substances that exhibit a soapy or slippery texture.
• They are often characterized by their ability to form hydroxide ions (OH-) in aqueous solutions.

Explanation

• The statement "A chemical compound always contains the same elements combined together in the same proportion or ratio" is a statement of the Law of Constant Composition.
• It is also known as the Law of Definite Proportions.
• This law was first discovered by Joseph Proust in 1797.

Explanation

• Iodine-123 is used for the diagnosis of thyroid gland function.
• It is a radioactive isotope that helps in imaging and evaluating the performance of the thyroid gland.

Explanation

• When an atom gains or loses electrons, it becomes an ion.
• If it gains electrons, it becomes a negative ion (anion).
• It it loses electrons, it becomes a positive ion (cation).

Explanation

The substitution of a hydrogen atom (−H) by a nitro group (−NO2) on a benzene ring is called nitration.

Nitration is typically carried out using concentrated nitric acid (HNO3) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4).

The sulfuric acid acts as a catalyst and generates the nitronium ion (NO2+), the electrophile that reacts with the benzene ring.

The overall reaction can be represented as:

C6H6 + HNO 3 → C 6H5NO2 +H2O

Here, benzene (C6H6) is converted to nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2).

This is a key reaction in organic chemistry, especially in the synthesis of various aromatic compounds.

Explanation

• Common Salt (NaCl) is a compound, not a mixture.
• It is a pure substance made up of sodium and chlorine atoms in a fixed ratio.

Explanation

In a solid, the particles are arranged in a regular and closely packed manner, with a fixed position and shape.

Explanation

• A solid is a state of matter that has a fixed shape and a fixed volume.
• Solids maintain their shape and volume unless an external force is applied to change them.
• Liquid: A liquid has a fixed volume but takes the shape of its container.
• Gas: A gas has neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume. It expands to fill its container.