Explanation

The chloride shift, or Hamburger's phenomenon

Refers to the exchange of chloride ions (Cl⁻) for bicarbonate ions (HCO₃⁻)

Across the red blood cell membrane to maintain electrochemical balance.

Explanation

The disease caused by congenital deficiency of thyroxine is Cretinism.

Cretinism is a condition that occurs due to inadequate thyroid hormone production or action, particularly during fetal development or infancy.

Thyroxine, also known as T4, is essential for normal growth and development, including:

• brain development
• Congenital hypothyroidism

Cretinism is characterized by severe:

• physical and mental retardation
• stunted growth
• other developmental abnormalities

Explanation

 Crossing over occurs between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. 

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RY 11-10-2022

Explanation

Explanation

Explanation

The SA node initiates the impulse, which travels to the AV node and then to the Bundle of His.

Finally, it spreads through the Purkinje fibers, causing ventricular contraction.

Explanation

Explanation

Explanation

The nervous system's primary function is to transmit signals between the brain and the body.

It allowing for communication, sensation, and control of movements.

It regulates various body functions by processing and responding to stimuli.

Explanation

In the Calvin cycle, CO₂ reacts with RuBP to produce a 6-carbon unstable intermediate.

This intermediate quickly splits into two molecules of 3-PGA (3-phosphoglycerate) as part of the carbon fixation process.