Oscillation | MCQs

Explanation

In SHM, total energy (kinetic + potential) remains constant if no external force or damping is present.

Though kinetic and potential energy change with time, their sum stays the same throughout the motion.

Explanation

Restoring force 𝐹 = −𝑘𝑥 depends on displacement 𝑥.

At the mid position, x = 0, so restoring force is minimum (zero).

Explanation

Time period T = 1/frequency 1/0.5 = 2 seconds.

The time period is the time taken for one complete oscillation.

Explanation

Oscillatory systems gradually lose energy due to frictional forces (like air resistance or internal damping).

This damping reduces amplitude over time, preventing indefinite oscillation.

Explanation

The to and fro movement of a pendulum is called a vibration or oscillation.

It's a repeated back-and-forth motion about a central position.

Explanation

The period of a physical pendulum can be expressed in different ways, depending on the physical parameters of the pendulum. The physical pendulum is a rigid body that rotates around a fixed axis, and its period is given by:

• T = 2π√(I/Mgd) : This is the most general expression for the period of a physical pendulum, where I is the moment of inertia of the pendulum about the axis of rotation, M is the mass of the pendulum, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and d is the distance from the axis of rotation to the center of mass of the pendulum.
• T = 2π√(1/x) : This expression is a simplified version of the previous one, where x = (Mgd)/I.
• T = √(4L/g) : This expression is applicable when the physical pendulum is a simple pendulum, where L is the length of the pendulum.

Explanation

Explanation

Explanation

Oscillations are damped due to the presence of frictional force.

Frictional force opposes motion and converts some of the kinetic energy into heat energy, causing the oscillations to decay over time.

There are three main types of frictional force that can cause damping:

• Viscous damping (e.g., air resistance, water resistance)
• Coulomb damping (e.g., friction between surfaces)
• Internal damping (e.g., within the material itself)

Explanation

A mass attached to a spring oscillates back and forth around an equilibrium position, following Hooke's Law.

This periodic motion with a restoring force proportional to displacement defines simple harmonic motion (SHM).