مندرجہ ذیل میں سے کون سا الیکٹرو فائل نہیں ہے؟
A. AlCl₃
B. C₂H₅OCH₃
C. None of these
D. [CH₃]₃C⁺
Explanation
An electrophile is a species that seeks electrons and can accept an electron pair.
C₂H₅OCH₃ (Ethyl methyl ether) is not an electrophile.
Because it lacks an electron-deficient center and does not readily accept electron pairs.
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A. Benzoic acid
B. None of these
C. Nitrobenzene
D. Toluene
Explanation
The SN1 reaction mechanism involves the formation of a carbocation intermediate, which is favored by the presence of a good leaving group and a stable carbocation.
None of the options listed (toluene, nitrobenzene, or benzoic acid) are typically associated with undergoing SN1 reactions
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A. None of these
B. Nitrobenzene
C. Toluene
D. Benzoic acid
Explanation
This is done through an electrophilic attack on the aromatic ring with the help of a carbonation.
The Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction is a method of generating alkylbenzenes by using alkyl halides as reactants.
The Friedel-Crafts alkylation reaction of benzene is illustrated below.
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نامیاتی اضافے کا رد عمل نہیں ہے۔ ______
A. Dehydration
B. Halogenation
C. None of these
D. Hydration
Explanation
Dehydration is an elimination reaction , not an addition reaction , as it involves the removal of a water molecule. Hydration, Halogenation, and Hydrohalogenation are all addition reactions , where atoms or groups are added to a molecule. Show/Hide Explanation
مندرجہ ذیل میں سے کون نیوکلیوفائل نہیں ہے؟
A. AlCl₃
B. HSO₃⁻
C. None of these
D. NH₃
Explanation
AlCl₃ (Aluminum chloride) is not a nucleophile because it is an electron-deficient Lewis acid . This meaning it accepts electrons instead of donating them. Nucleophiles are species that donate electron pairs. While AlCl₃ acts as an electrophile in chemical reactions. Show/Hide Explanation
A. None of these
B. Tertiary
C. Secondary
D. Primary
Explanation
SN² reactions prefer primary and secondary alkyl halides due to less steric hindrance. Tertiary alkyl halides do not undergo SN² reactions because of high steric hindrance , making backside attack difficult. Show/Hide Explanation
مندرجہ ذیل میں سے کون سا رد عمل میں نیا کاربن کاربن بانڈ تشکیل نہیں دیا گیا ہے؟
A. Aldol condensation
B. Cannizzaro reaction
C. Wurtz reaction
D. None of these
Explanation
The Cannizzaro reaction involves the disproportionation of aldehydes, producing alcohol and carboxylic acid without forming a new C-C bond. In contrast, Wurtz, Aldol condensation, and Friedel-Crafts reactions create new carbon-carbon bonds. Show/Hide Explanation
جب ایتھنامائڈ کا علاج فاسفورس پینٹ آکسائیڈ کے ساتھ کیا جاتا ہے؟
A. Methyl cyanide
B. None of these
C. Ammonium phosphate
D. Carbamide
Explanation
When ethanamide (CH3CONH2) reacts with phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅) , it undergoes dehydration to form methyl cyanide (CH3CN). It is also known as acetonitrile . P₂O₅ acts as a strong dehydrating agent, removing water from ethanamide . Show/Hide Explanation
A. Tertiary alcohol
B. Secondary alcohol
C. Primary alcohol
D. Carboxylic acid
Explanation
Grignard reagent (RMgX) reacts with aldehydes (other than formaldehyde) to form secondary alcohols after acid hydrolysis.
- With formaldehyde, it gives primary alcohol.
- With ketones, it gives tertiary alcohol.
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A. 1, 1 – dichloroethane
B. Ethyl chloride
C. Vinyl chloride
D. 1, 2 – dichloroethane
Explanation
Acetylene reacts with one molecule of HCl to form vinyl chloride.
However, when excess HCl is added, the second molecule of HCl also reacts with the vinyl chloride, attaching both chlorine atoms to the same carbon atom, resulting in 1,1-dichloroethane.
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