Nephrology | MCQs

Explanation

Dialysis is a medical treatment used when the kidneys are unable to filter waste products from the blood, typically in renal (kidney) failure.

It helps maintain proper fluid and electrolyte balance in the body.

Explanation

The word "renal" specifically relates to the kidneys and their functions.

Terms like renal failure or renal artery all refer to kidney-related conditions or structures.

Explanation

Bowman’s capsule is the part of the nephron where filtration of waste materials and excess water from the blood occurs.

The filtered fluid, called glomerular filtrate, then moves into the renal tubule for further processing.

Explanation

Explanation

Each kidney contains around 1 million nephrons.

They are the functional units responsible for filtering blood and producing urine.

Explanation

When kidneys stop working permanently, the most effective long-term solution is kidney transplantation.

It replaces the failed kidney with a healthy one from a donor, restoring normal function.

Explanation

Kidney stones commonly form due to excessive calcium salts in the urine, especially calcium oxalate.

High levels of calcium can crystallize and form stones, leading to kidney issues.

Explanation

Nephrons are structural and functional units of the kidney.

The nephron is the microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney. It is composed of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule. 

Explanation

A person who has had a renal transplant should regulate protein intake.

Excessive protein can strain the kidneys and affect graft function, as kidneys filter nitrogenous waste from protein breakdown.

Monitoring protein helps manage kidney function and overall health.

Explanation

Permanent access for hemodialysis is obtained through an arteriovenous (AV) fistula.

This access involves surgically connecting an artery to a vein.

It typically in the arm, to provide a durable and effective means for blood flow during dialysis.