Let the principal be Rs. P. According to the question, ∴270.40=P(1+1004)2 ⇒270.40=P(1+0.04)2 ⇒P=1.04×1.04270.40 = Rs. 250 Hence, the principal is Rs. 250.
Let the sum be Rs. 100. Then, S.I. for first 6 months = Rs. ( 100 X 10 X 1/100 X 2 ) = Rs. 5. S.I. for last 6 months = Rs. ( 105 X 10 X 1/100 X 2 ) = Rs. 5.25. So, amount at the end of 1 year=Rs.(100 + 5 + 5.25) = Rs. 110.25 Effective rate = (110.25 – 100) = 10.25%.