Bioenergetics | MCQs

Explanation

The breakdown of food molecules to release energy is called cellular respiration.

This process involves breaking down glucose and other molecules in the presence of oxygen to produce energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria of cells.

Explanation

Bioenergetics is the process by which living organisms convert free energy into different forms.

Such as light energy to chemical energy in photosynthesis, or chemical energy from nutrients to kinetic energy in cellular respiration.

This conversion is essential for maintaining life and supporting various cellular activities.

Explanation

• Animals that migrate long distances need a compact and energy-dense source of fuel to sustain them during their journey.
• Fat is the most energy-dense nutrient, providing approximately 9 kcal/g, compared to carbohydrates (4 kcal/g) and protein (4 kcal/g).

Explanation

• Glycolysis, the splitting of glucose, releases a small amount of energy that is enough to generate 2 ATP (adenosine triphosphate) molecules.
• This process occurs in the cytosol of cells and is the first step in cellular respiration.

Explanation

Each mole of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) stores energy equivalent to:

• 7.3 kilocalories (kcal) per mole (approximately)
• 17.3 kilojoules (kJ) per mole (approximately)

Explanation

In cellular respiration, each mole of glucose typically produces about 36-38 ATP molecules.

To determine how many moles of glucose are consumed to produce 180 ATP molecules, we can use the following calculation:

180 ATP/36 ATP or mole of glucose = 5 moles of glucose

Thus, 5 moles of glucose are consumed to produce 180 ATP molecules.

Explanation

• The electron transport chain (ETC) is the stage of aerobic respiration that takes place at the cristae of mitochondria.
• The cristae are specialized infoldings of the mitochondrial inner membrane, where the ETC complexes are embedded.