Explanation

Explanation

The study of viruses is called virology

Virology encompasses the study of viruses, their structure, classification, evolution, and how they interact with living organisms.

Explanation

Electric flux through a surface is defined clearly only for a closed surface.

Gauss’s Law applies to closed surfaces to calculate total flux.

Explanation

Each mesophyll cell in a leaf typically contains about 20 to 100 chloroplasts, depending on the plant species.

These chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis, capturing sunlight to produce food.

Explanation

Explanation

The central requirement in the maintenance of an organism is homeostasis, which is the ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

This involves regulating various internal conditions such as body temperature, blood pH, and fluid balance to ensure optimal functioning. 

Explanation

This pathway refers to the movement of water through the cell walls and the spaces between cells, essentially the non-living parts of the plant tissue. 

Explanation

 To "grind your teeth in disgust" usually indicates a strong feeling of loathing or intense dislike,

Explanation

According to Erwin Chargaff's 1951 findings, the ratio of adenine (A) to thymine (T) in DNA is approximately 1:1.

This means that for every adenine molecule, there is a corresponding thymine molecule.

This observation, along with the similar 1:1 ratio of guanine (G) and cytosine (C), forms the basis of Chargaff's rules. 

Explanation

The word "transistor" is derived from "transfer" and "resistor".

It signifies the transfer of resistance — specifically, it controls a large output resistance using a small input resistance.

In essence, a transistor transfers a signal from a low-resistance circuit to a high-resistance circuit, acting as an amplifier or switch.