Explanation

Planning for an institution should be based on:

• Aims: The organization's purpose, goals, and objectives, providing direction and focus.
• Needs: The requirements and necessities of the students, teachers, and the institution itself, ensuring relevance and effectiveness.

Explanation

Commanding involves directing and ensuring the execution of plans.

It focuses on guiding and supervising tasks to achieve objectives.

Explanation

Organizing teaching work ensures structured delivery of content, lesson planning, and effective classroom management.

It lays the foundation for achieving educational goals and student success.

Explanation

The project method is particularly effective for teaching science.

Because it involves hands-on, inquiry-based learning where students work on practical tasks or investigations.

Explanation

Pedagogy is the science and art of teaching children.

It involves strategies, methods, and practices used in school education.

Explanation

Here ignorance means درگزر

Ignoring minor inappropriate behavior is often an effective strategy to reduce it, as it deprives the behavior of attention, which can discourage repetition.

Praise and reward are better used to reinforce positive behavior.

Strictness may be counterproductive for minor issues.

Explanation

Assimilation is the process of integrating new information into existing cognitive frameworks or knowledge.

It allows individuals to handle new experiences using previously learned behaviors and understanding.

Explanation

Curriculum development is an ongoing process that requires continuous evaluation and improvement.

It follows a regular cycle of planning, implementation, assessment, and revision.

Explanation

According to John Dewey, education is the reconstruction or reorganization of experiences which adds meaning and prepares individuals for future experiences.

He believed learning is rooted in experience and interaction with the environment.

Explanation

SOLO Taxonomy consists of five levels:

1. Prestructural
2. Unistructural
3. Multistructural
4. Relational
5. Extended Abstract