Explanation

According to the two-process theory, a fear response is acquired due to classical conditioning; it is maintained due to operant conditioning.

Explanation

William James, who was associated with functionalism, might criticize structuralism for focusing too much on the individual elements (frames) rather than understanding the whole (motion) in the context of psychology.

Explanation

The function of a School Management Committee (SMC) typically includes: provision of resources, solving the problems faced by students and parents, and developing rapport between teachers and parents.

Explanation

The condition for leave encashment can vary depending on organizational policies and the employment contract.

However, common conditions include completing a certain number of years of service, such as 30 years, and surrendering any remaining earned leave days upon retirement or resignation.

Explanation

The minor penalty under E and D (Efficiency and Discipline) rules typically includes actions such as censure, without promotion or increments, and stoppage of efficiency bar.

Explanation

The authorized person for staff performance evaluation is typically the Head Teacher or Principal.

They are responsible for assessing the performance of the staff under their supervision and providing feedback to support professional growth and development.

Explanation

Evaluation techniques are selected on the basis of "Validity."

Validity ensures that the evaluation accurately measures what it intends to measure and is therefore appropriate for the purpose at hand.

Explanation

The quality testing in education is best achieved by using "Standardized achievement tests."

These tests are rigorously developed and administered under standardized conditions to ensure consistency and objectivity in measuring students' knowledge and skills across various educational settings.

Explanation

If a criterion-referenced test is reliable, scores from the test are consistent, meaning they provide stable results over repeated administrations.

This consistency ensures that the test accurately measures what it intends to assess, enhancing its utility and validity in evaluating specific criteria or standards.

Explanation

The term evaluation usually covers: Students' performance, Teacher performance, and Instructional performance.

Evaluation can encompass assessing the performance and effectiveness of various aspects within an educational context, including students, teachers, and instructional methods.