Explanation

 If the temperature of the source of heat increases, the efficiency of a Carnot engine will increase.

The efficiency of a Carnot engine is directly related to the temperature difference between the hot and cold reservoirs.

A higher source temperature leads to a greater temperature difference and thus, a higher efficiency. 

Explanation

Sound waves diffract (bend) around corners, allowing us to hear them,

While light waves do not diffract as much, making it impossible to see around corners.

Diffraction is the bending of waves around obstacles or through openings.

Sound waves have longer wavelengths than light waves, which makes diffraction more noticeable for sound.

Polarization is a property of transverse waves, and while light waves can be polarized, sound waves cannot.

Dispersion is the separation of waves into different frequencies,

And while it can occur with light, it's not why we can hear around corners. 

Explanation

The most stable hydrocarbon among the given options is trans-2-butene. 

Stability in alkenes:

• The stability of alkenes is primarily determined by the degree of substitution at the double bond.
• More substituted alkenes are generally more stable. 

Trans vs. Cis Isomers:

• In the case of 2-butene, the trans isomer is more stable than the cis isomer.
• This is because in the trans configuration, the alkyl groups on either side of the double bond are oriented away from each other, minimizing steric hindrance.
• In the cis configuration, the alkyl groups are on the same side, leading to steric repulsion and less stability. 

Explanation

Ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH) is a 1,2-diol, and both periodic acid (HIO4) and lead tetraacetate (Pb(OAc)4)

They are strong oxidizing agents capable of cleaving the carbon-carbon bond between the adjacent hydroxyl groups in a glycol

Resulting in the formation of carboxylic acids. In the case of ethylene glycol, this would yield oxalic acid (HOOC-COOH). 

Explanation

 The statement correct for all viruses but not for all bacteria and fungi is They have a Nucleus Containing DNA or RNA.

Viruses:

Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, meaning they lack a nucleus and replicate inside the host cell's nucleus.

They have genetic material (DNA or RNA) but not housed within a nucleus. 

Bacteria and Fungi:

Bacteria and fungi are cells, and while some bacteria are prokaryotic (lacking a nucleus), they still have their own DNA or RNA contained within a nucleus-like structure.

Some fungi have a cell wall made of cellulose, but not all. 

Explanation

A body moving in a circular path with constant speed has variable acceleration. 

While the speed remains constant, the direction of the velocity vector is constantly changing as the body moves around the circle.

Since acceleration is the rate of change of velocity, and velocity is changing (even though speed is constant),

The body experiences a constant magnitude of acceleration

But the direction of that acceleration changes at every point on the circle.

This makes the acceleration variable. 

Explanation

Affinity for oxygen refers to how readily an element or compound combines with oxygen.

Magnesium (Mg) is a highly reactive alkaline earth metal that readily loses its two electrons to form a positive Mg2+ ion.

This ion then readily combines with oxygen to form magnesium oxide (MgO), demonstrating a strong affinity for oxygen. 

Explanation

NMR spectroscopy provides detailed information about the connectivity of atoms within a molecule,

Including the types of carbon and hydrogen atoms present, their relative positions, and the presence of functional groups.

This level of detail allows for a comprehensive understanding of a molecule's structure, making it significantly more informative than the other options. 

Explanation

The two unpaired facial bones are the mandible and the vomer.

Mandible:

The mandible, commonly known as the jawbone, is the largest and strongest bone of the face.

It forms the lower jaw and holds the lower teeth in place.

It is the only movable bone of the skull.

Vomer:

The vomer is a thin, flat bone that forms part of the nasal septum, which divides the nasal cavity into left and right sides.

It is located inferiorly within the nasal cavity.

Explanation

One parent (at least) must be heterozygous.

Blood group genetics:

Blood type is determined by three genes, A, B, and O. A and B are dominant over O, meaning if someone inherits even one A or B gene, they will have blood type A or B, respectively.

If they inherit two O genes, they will have blood type O. 

Scenario:

If one brother has blood type A (could be AA or AO genotype) and the other has blood type O (OO genotype), they must have inherited an O gene from each parent.

This means that at least one parent must be heterozygous (AO) for the A gene to produce an A blood type child and an O blood type child.