Explanation

In honey bees, sex determination is based on the number of chromosomes an individual receives.

By parthenogenesis, an offspring created by the combination of a sperm and an egg develops as a female (queen or worker)

while an unfertilized egg develops as a male (drone).

Explanation

Joseph Grinnell was an American field biologist and zoologist. 

He is known for:

• Museum of Vertebrate Zoology Director 1908–1939
• Editor of The Condor 1906–1939

He was an early advocate of the importance of field observations.

Explanation

Gonyaulax is a representative group of unicellular organisms, the Pyrrophyta (sometimes called Dinophyta). 

• This is a group of mostly marine plankton, and Gonyaulax is a well-known genus within this group.
• Dinoflagellates are known for their two flagella and can be bioluminescent.
• Some species can cause harmful algal blooms, commonly known as red tides.

Phaeophyta (Brown Algae):

• These are large, mostly marine algae, such as kelp and seaweeds.
• They are not related to Gonyaulax.

Chlorophyta (Green Algae):

• These algae are mainly freshwater organisms, and some live in marine environments.
• They are not related to Gonyaulax.

Chrysophyta (Golden Algae):

• These are mostly freshwater algae
• And they are distinct from Gonyaulax.

Explanation

Accord  اتفاق

Concurrence  اتفاق

Explanation

The Mimosa plant exhibits thigmonastic movement, which is a type of tactile or touch-induced movement.

When the Mimosa plant's leaves are touched or disturbed

They rapidly fold inward and droop, a phenomenon known as thigmonastic movement or thigmonasty.

This response is thought to be a defense mechanism against herbivores or other threats.

The movement is not due to changes in turgor pressure or growth

But is instead a rapid reversible response to mechanical stimulation. 

Explanation

Smooth muscles are not striated

Because their cells are arranged in sheets instead of bundles.

They do not have organized sarcomeres.

Additional information:

Both skeletal and cardiac muscles appear striated, or striped,

Because their cells are arranged in bundles

However skeletal muscle fibers are multinucleated.

Whereas, the cardiac muscle fiber is uninucleated.

Explanation

The French scientist Georges Cuvier popularised the concept of catastrophism in the early 19th century

He proposed that

" new life forms had moved in from other areas after local floods, and avoided religious or metaphysical speculation in his scientific writings".

Explanation

The epidermis covers the stem, root, leaf, flower, fruit, and seed parts of a plant.

It is the outermost, protoderm-derived layer of cells 

Additional informational:

Its waxy cuticle provides a protective barrier against mechanical injury, water loss, and infection.

It regulates the gas exchange in plant cells.

They regulate the secretion of metabolic substances.

Explanation

The term for a student-generated list of words to remind them they need a Spelling Notebook.

Word study is an instructional approach to spelling that shifts away from rote memorization.

This method aligns with findings on the layers of English orthography.

Explanation

When taking on a project, it is crucial to plan it carefully to maximize the chances of success.

Some steps to consider when planning a project:

1. Define the project scope

2. Identify stakeholders

3. Develop a project plan

4. Allocate resources

5. Mitigate risks

6. Monitor progress

7. Communicate effectively