Explanation

According to Sigmund Freud, the pleasure principle drives human behavior — seeking pleasure and avoiding pain.

This principle is central to his psychoanalytic theory, especially concerning the id, the unconscious part of the mind.

Explanation

Sympathetic imitation involves emotional response imitation, like crying when others cry.

It is often instinctive and driven by empathy rather than conscious effort.

Explanation

Debriefing involves discussing and analyzing the experience after a role play or activity to help participants reflect on their actions and learning.

It allows the teacher and students to critically evaluate the exercise, reinforcing the transactional nature of the exchange.

Explanation

Measurement is the process of assigning numbers to a student's performance or traits (like test scores).

It provides a quantitative description of how much a student has achieved toward a set goal.

Explanation

Jean Piaget introduced the concept that children progress through developmental stages as they encounter uncertainty and adjust their worldview to reduce mental discomfort, a process known as cognitive development.

Piaget's theory focuses on how children actively construct their understanding of the world through stages of cognitive development.

Explanation

"Assessment of learning" is used to evaluate student performance by comparing it with learning goals and standards.

It is typically summative and helps in making final judgments about achievement.

Explanation

Andragogy refers to the method and practice of teaching adults.

It differs from pedagogy, which is focused on teaching children.

Explanation

ماہرین تعلیم کے مطابق تعلیم کے کرداری مقاصد 7 ہیں۔

ان میں دیانت، ایثار، شجاعت، محنت، صبر، رواداری، اور سچائی شامل ہیں۔

Explanation

نیم رسمی تعلیم میں استاتذہ سے جزوقتی کام لے کر مختلف کورسز کی تدریس کی جاتی ہے، جو رسمی اور غیر رسمی تعلیم کے درمیان کی حالت ہوتی ہے۔

یہ تعلیم کچھ حد تک منظم ہوتی ہے مگر مکمل طور پر رسمی نہیں ہوتی۔

Explanation

• An assessment that is generally carried out at the end of a course to assign students a course grade is called Summative assessment.
• This type of assessment evaluates student learning outcomes and determines the level of achievement or mastery attained at the end of a course or instructional period.
• Summative assessment takes place after the learning has been completed and provides information and feedback that sums up the teaching and learning process.