Explanation

 Lattice energy increases with:  

- Higher charge of ions  

- Smaller size of ions  

Among the given, Na⁺ is common. F⁻ is the smallest anion, so NaF has the strongest electrostatic attraction → highest lattice energy.

Explanation

The molar mass of HCl is 36.5 g/mol. To find the moles of HCl:

Moles of HCl= 36.5g/mol16.5g =0.452 moles

Since the reaction is 1:1, 0.452 moles of HCl will produce 0.452 moles of NaCl.

Explanation

• The atomic number (Z) is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
• In this case, the atomic number (Z) is 16, which means the number of protons is 16.

Explanation

SF₆ is stable although the central S atom expands its octet and has 12 electrons in the outermost shell.

This is because the central S atom forms 6 S-F bonds with 6 F atoms, and S-F bond is a very strong covalent bond.

The molecule is stabilized by the 6 strong S-F bonds.

Explanation

• When oil is burnt, it undergoes combustion, a chemical reaction that releases energy in the form of heat and light.
• It produces carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) as byproducts.
• The energy released can be used to power vehicles, generate electricity, or provide warmth.

Explanation

• Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria.
• It convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of glucose (sugar), using carbon dioxide and water as reactants.

Explanation

• Solar power is a renewable energy source that generates electricity from sunlight.
• It does not emit carbon dioxide (CO2) or any other greenhouse gases.

The sources of carbon dioxide emissions:

• Burning of fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and natural gas) releases CO2 into the atmosphere.
• Burning wood (such as in fireplaces or woodstoves) also releases CO2.
• Respiration (the process by which living organisms breathe) releases CO2 as a byproduct.
• Car exhaust smoke (from internal combustion engines) contains CO2, as well as other pollutants.

Explanation

• Clinical thermometers, also known as medical thermometers.
• It typically have a narrow range of 35°C to 42°C.
• Which covers the normal body temperature range of humans (37°C ± 2°C).
• This allows for accurate measurements of body temperature in medical settings.

Explanation

• When a gas is ionized, it means that the gas is converted into a state of matter known as plasma, where the gas is broken down into ions and free electrons.
• This is typically achieved through the application of high temperatures, high energies, or strong electrical fields.

Explanation

• Successive ionization energies refer to the energy required to remove electrons one by one from an atom, resulting in the formation of a series of ions with increasing charge.
• This process involves the sequential removal of electrons from an atom, with each removal requiring a specific amount of energy, known as the ionization energy.
• The term "successive" refers to the fact that the electrons are removed one by one, in a specific order, with each removal building on the previous one.