Explanation

• In a liquid, the particles are close together, but not fixed in place.
• It allowing them to move past each other and take the shape of their container.

Explanation

• A liquid is a state of matter that has a fixed volume but not a fixed shape.
• It takes the shape of its container and maintains its volume unless an external force is applied to change it.
• Solid: A solid has both a fixed shape and a fixed volume.
• Gas: A gas has neither a fixed shape nor a fixed volume. It expands to fill its container.

Explanation

• As you go down the group in the hydrogen halides (HF, HCl, HBr, HI), the bond between the hydrogen and halogen atoms becomes weaker and less stable.
• This is because the halogen atoms become larger and more polarizable, making the bond more susceptible to thermal decomposition.

Explanation

• An oxidation number (also known as oxidation state) is a number assigned to an atom or ion in a compound that represents its degree of oxidation, or its hypothetical charge if all its bonds were ionic.
• It is a way to keep track of the number of electrons gained or lost by an atom in a chemical reaction.

Explanation

• Atoms having same atomic number but different atomic mass, are known as isotopes.
• The difference in the mass is due to the difference in their number of neutrons with the same number of electrons and protons.

Explanation

The molecular Geometry of SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride) is octahedral. 

In this molecule, the central atom i.e. sulphur has a total of six electrons in its valence shell

And in the molecule, we have six fluorine atoms so it shares one electron with each fluorine atom.

So this molecule has six bond pairs and no lone pair.

So its structure is octahedral

The bond angles in sulfur hexafluoride molecules are 90A∘ and 180A∘.

Explanation

• If urea reacts with ammonia according to the Lowry and Bronsted theory, it acts as an acid to form a neutral compound.
• In the reaction between urea (H₂NCONH₂) and ammonia (NH₃), urea donates a proton (H⁺) to ammonia, turning it into the ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) and urea into its conjugate acid (HNCONH₂⁺).

Explanation

pH = –log [H⁺]

It measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution based on the hydrogen ion concentration.

The pH scale ranges from 1 to 14, with:

• 1-6 being acidic
• 7 being neutral (neither acidic nor basic)
• 8-14 being basic (alkaline)

Explanation

Acetic acid is commonly produced through the fermentation of ethanol by Acetobacter bacteria.

This biological process is widely used in making vinegar, which contains acetic acid.

Explanation