Explanation

• Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of alpha-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA in the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle). This reaction involves both oxidation and decarboxylation, resulting in the removal of a carbon atom from the molecule and the reduction of NAD+ to NADH.
• The reaction catalyzed by alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase is: alpha-ketoglutarate + NAD+ + CoA → succinyl-CoA + NADH + CO2

Explanation

Chloroplast contains chlorophyll.

It is the site where photosynthesis takes place in plant cells.

It converts light energy into chemical energy (glucose) using carbon dioxide and water.

Explanation

Water acts as a universal solvent in cells where most biochemical reactions take place.

It facilitates transport, reactions, and temperature regulation in living organisms.

Explanation

The small intestine in humans has three main parts: duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

Caecum and appendix are part of the large intestine.

Explanation

Eukaryotic ribosomes are made of two subunits: 60S (large) and 40S (small), combining to form the 80S ribosome.

The "S" stands for Svedberg unit, a measure of sedimentation rate during centrifugation.

Explanation

Powerlessness related to the disease is the most appropriate priority nursing diagnosis.

Oncology patients often face feelings of helplessness due to their illness.

It can significantly impact their emotional well-being and coping ability.

Explanation

RICE stands for Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation

It is a method used to treat minor injuries such as sprains and strains:

Rest: Avoid using the injured area to prevent further damage.

Ice: Apply ice packs to reduce swelling and numb pain, typically for 20 minutes every 1-2 hours.

Compression: Use an elastic bandage to compress the injured area, which helps reduce swelling.

Elevation: Keep the injured limb elevated above heart level to decrease swelling and promote healing.

Explanation

Rescuer should be trained to provide Best response service

Explanation

• Vaccines contain disease-producing pathogens (such as viruses or bacteria) in a weakened or attenuated form, or sometimes only a small portion of the pathogen (such as a protein or sugar).
• This allows the body to develop immunity against the pathogen without actually causing the disease.

Explanation

• Human insulin is inserted into bacteria, specifically E. coli, for the commercial preparation of insulin.
• This is done through genetic engineering, where the human insulin gene is cloned into a plasmid and then transformed into E. coli cells.
• The bacteria then produce human insulin, which can be harvested and used as a medication for diabetes.