Explanation

Angola withdrew its membership from OPEC on January 1, 2024: 

Angola: Joined OPEC in 2007 and announced its withdrawal in 2023 

Other countries that have withdrawn from OPEC:

Qatar: Terminated its membership in January 2019 to focus on natural gas production 

Ecuador: Suspended its membership in 1992, reactivated it in 2007, and withdrew in 2020 

Indonesia: Suspended its membership in 2009, reactivated it in 2016, and suspended it again that year

Explanation

Build Back Better World (B3W) was an initiative undertaken by the G7.

Launched on June 12, 2021

G7 countries included the:

The U.S.

U.K.

France

Germany

Italy

Canada,

Japan. 

Explanation

The Paris Agreement, signed in 2015, is a global agreement that aims to limit global warming to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels

Explanation

The World Bank is often identified as an organization that highlights investment opportunities.

The World Bank Group finances over 1,700 investment projects in some 130 countries, 

World Bank:

World Bank established: July 1944

World Bank was established during: the Bretton Woods Conference

World Bank Members: 189

World Bank's aim: to provide loans and grants for various projects

World Bank headquarters: Washington, USA

Explanation

NPT stands for Non-Proliferation Treaty

NPT signed: 1968

Not a member of the NPT:

1. India,
2. Israel,
3. North Korea,
4. Pakistan 
5.  South Sudan 

Members of the five NPT nuclear-weapon states:

1. China
2. France
3. Russia
4. the United Kingdom

Languages:

1. English
2. Russian
3. French
4. Spanish
5. Chinese

Explanation

The G-2, or Group of Two, is a relationship between the United States and China.

The term was first proposed in 2005 by C.

 was first proposed by C. Fred Bergsten 

Explanation

Explanation

not a member of the NPT:

India,

Israel,

North Korea,

Pakistan 

 South Sudan 

****

Leaders  (members) of the five NPT nuclear-weapon states:

China

France

Russia

the United Kingdom

and the United States

***
The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, commonly known as the Non-Proliferation Treaty or NPT,

NPT stands for Non-Proliferation Treaty

NPT signed: 1968

Languages:

English

Russian

French

Spanish

Chinese

**

Iran threatened to withdraw from the Treaty on the NPT 

**

Parties: 190 (complete list)

non-parties:

India,

Israel,

North Korea,

Pakistan 

South Sudan

****

Explanation

Explanation

The eight BRICS summit was hosted by India from 15-10-2016 to 16-10-2016.

• Know everything about BRICS: 
• BRICS founded: June 2009
  
• BRICS Member countries: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates
  
• BRICS total members: 10 
• South Africa joined BRICS: 2010
• BRICS headquarters: Shanghai, China
• BRICS first conference hosted by: Russia (2009) 

Explanation

UNEP stands for The United Nations Environment Programme 

It was founded on 5 June 1972

It is located headquarters in Nairobi, Kenya

It currently has 193 members

Explanation

There are six official languages of the UN. These are

1. Arabic,
2. Chinese,
3. English,
4. French,
5. Russian 
6. Spanish

Additional information:

UNO Founded: October 24, 1945, San Francisco, California, United States

UNO Headquarters: New York, United States

UNO Membership: 193 member states; 2 observer states

Explanation

The Gulf Cooperation Council was originally formed by 6 countries like 

• Bahrain
• Kuwait
• Oman
• Qatar
• Saudi Arabia
• United Arab Emirates 

Formed in 25 May 1981

GCC Headquarters in  Saudi Arabia

Explanation

Explanation

Explanation

A memorandum of understanding is a type of agreement between two or more parties. 

Explanation

Denmark is one of only two countries, along with New Zealand, to have two national anthems

New Zealand has two national anthems: "God Defend New Zealand" and "God Save The Queen."

Nd29-8-2023

Explanation

Atlanta's Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport is the world's busiest airport

It is located in Atlanta, Georgia, United States

It was opened on September 15, 1926

Number of runways: 5

ND7-5-2023

Explanation

The Houthis in Yemen officially called Ansar Allah, or supporters of God

Houthi movement ٱلْحُوثِيُّون Ansar Allah أَنْصَار ٱللَّٰه
Houthi's slogan reads "God is the Greatest, Death to America, Death to Israel, Cursed be the Jews, Victory to Islam".
Leaders	Hussein Badreddin al-Houthi  Abdul-Malik al-Houthi
Spokesperson	Mohammed Abdul Salam
Dates of operation	1994–ongoing (armed since 2004)
Headquarters	Saada and Sanaa, Yemen
Active regions	Yemen (includes Saudi Arabia–Yemen border)

Explanation

Shinto literally means “the way of the gods” is Japan's native belief system.

and predates historical records.

Explanation

The Strait of Malacca separates Malay Peninsula (Malaysia) and Sumatra (Indonesia), and connects the Andaman Sea with the South China Sea.

It is a crucial maritime route for global shipping.

Explanation

امریکہ اور طالبان کے مابین امن معاہدے پر 29 فروری 2020 کو دستخط کئے گئے۔

Explanation

The famous museum Potala Palace has been a World Heritage Site since 1994.

Explanation

 Cable Beach is located in Australia

It is a 22 km (14 mi) stretch of white sand beach on the eastern Indian Ocean

It was named after the telegraph cable laid between Broome and Java in 1889.

Explanation

The first capital of the Abbasid Caliphate was Kufa.

The Abbasids later moved the capital to Baghdad in 762 CE,

In 762, the caliph al-Mansur founded the city of Baghdad as the new capital

Explanation

South Asia includes 8 countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.

Explanation

Franklin D. Roosevelt served as U.S. President from 1933 to 1945

He led the country through most of World War II.

During World War II, two atomic bombs over the Japanese cities 

• First Bomb, the Little Boy type of bomb was dropped in Hiroshima on 6 August 1945 
• Second bomb, the Fat Man type of bomb was dropped on Nagasaki on August 9, 1945

The Second World War was a global war

That started in 1939 and ended in 1945

Additional information:

Woodrow Wilson is the President during World War I

He served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921.

Explanation

Old Delhi or Purani Dilli is an area part of the greater city of Delhi, India.

It was founded as a walled city named Shahjahanabad in 1639.

When Shah Jahan (the Mughal emperor at the time) decided to shift the Mughal capital from Agra.

Explanation

The first great Arab alchemist was Abu Musa Jabir ibn Hayyan,=

He is also known as Geber in the West.

He is widely regarded as the "father of Arabic chemistry". 

Jabir ibn Hayyan lived from around 721 to 815 AD  

Explanation

All about Mount Everest

Mount Everest is the Highest peak in the world.

Explanation

Johannesburg, city, Gauteng province, South Africa.

It is the country's chief industrial and financial metropolis.

Explanation

Washington DC is not one of the 50 states.

But it's an important part of the U.S.

The District of Columbia is our nation's capital.

Congress established the federal district from land belonging to the states of Maryland and Virginia in 1790.

Explanation

Manchester United, often referred to as Man United or Man Utd, is based in England

Full name: Manchester United Football Club

Nickname(s): The Red Devils United

Founded

• 1878 (as Newton Heath LYR F.C.)
• 24 April 1902; 123 years ago (as Manchester United F.C.)

Explanation

The Narmada River is a longest river without delta,

They sometimes referred as the Reva and formerly as Narbada or Nerbudda,

It is India’s fifth longest river and the largest flowing river in Madhya Pradesh.

This river flows through the Indian states of Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat.

Explanation

Explanation

The USA developed the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine in collaboration with BioNTech, a German company.

It was one of the first COVID-19 vaccines authorized for emergency use.

Explanation

The Nobel Peace Prize 2019 was awarded to Abiy Ahmed Ali "for his efforts to achieve peace and international cooperation, and in particular for his decisive initiative to resolve the border conflict with neighbouring Eritrea."

Explanation

Pig iron is the product of smelting iron ore with a high-carbon fuel and reluctant such as coke, usually with limestone as a flux. Charcoal and anthracite are also used as fuel and reductant.

Pig iron is produced by smelting or iron ore in blast furnaces or by smelting ilmenite in electric furnaces

Explanation

• Rotterdam is the largest seaport in Europe
• ***
• the surface area of Rotterdam is over 12,600 hectares,
• the port of Rotterdam is the largest port in Europe. 
  
  

Explanation

Simon Johnson, James Robinson and Daron Acemoglu have been awarded 2024 Nobel Prize Economics.

Awarded for studies of how institutions are formed and affect prosperity.

Their book titled 'Power and Progress: Our Thousand-Year Struggle Over Technology and Prosperity'  was published in 2023

Both Simon Johnson and James Robinson are British-Americans.

Daron Acemoglu is a Turkish-American.

Additional Information:

Nobel Prize in Economics 2023 was awarded to Claudia Goldin

She is an American economic historian

Explanation

The noble prize is awarded in 6 areas

Since 1901, the Nobel Prize has been awarded in the fields of
1.       Physics

2.       Chemistry

3.       Physiology/Medicine

4.       Literature

5.       Peace

6.       economics.

while a memorial prize in economic sciences was added in 1968.

The first Noble Prize was awarded on 10th December 1901 in Stockholm, Sweden.

Explanation

•  Sansad is the name of the Indian parliament
• ***
• Bhāratīya Sansad is the supreme legislative body of the Republic of India.
•  It is a bicameral legislature composed of the president of India and two houses named Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and House of the People (Lok Sabha). 
  

Explanation

In 2018, Iran banned English from being taught in primary schools.

Explanation

Kashgar is an oasis city in the Tarim Basin region of Southern Xinjiang.

****

It is one of the westernmost cities in China, near the border with:

Afghanistan,

Kyrgyzstan,

Tajikistan

and Pakistan.

****

Kashgar a population of over 500,000

****

Kashgar has served as an important city on the Silk Road between:

China,

the Middle East

and Europe 

****

Kashgar is one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the World.

****

Kashgar has been under the rule of the:

Chinese

Turkic

Mongol

Tibetan empires

AGM 08-01-2023

ND30-4-2023

Explanation

Tahrir Square is situated in Cairo, Egypt.

It is a major public town square in downtown Cairo 

Former name: Ismailia Square

It is known for its historical significance, especially during the 2011 Egyptian revolution. .

Explanation

Emmerson Mnangagwa replaced Robert Mugabe to became Zimbabwe president in November 2017.

Explanation

Sultan Ibrahim Iskandar is the 17th and current of Malaysia since 31 January 2024.

Explanation

Mark Carney is the current & 24th prime minister of Canada.

He was appointed in March 2025.

He belongs to Liberal Party.

He replaced Justin Trudeau, who resigned in Jan 2025.

Explanation

Nelson Mandela served first black president of South Africa on 10 May 1994 until 1999.

Nelson Mandela International Day celebrated: 18 July  

Nelson Mandela: imprisoned in 1962 (served 27 years in prison)

Nelson Mandela died: 5th December 2013

Explanation

Yasser Arafat (4 or 24 August 1929 – 11 November 2004), also popularly known by his kunya Abu Ammar.

He was a Palestinian political leader.

He was chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) from 1969 to 2004.

He was President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) from 1994 to 2004.