Explanation

In the early 1950s, the first successful vaccine was created by US physician Jonas Salk.

Salk tested his experimental killed-virus vaccine on himself and his family in 1953

First used Salk vaccine in 1955 ( in activated)

while 

A live attenuated (weakened) oral polio vaccine developed by Dr. Albert Sabin and first used in 1961.

Israel launched a polio vaccine drive after 1988 in April 2022

Explanation

Uzbekistan Capital is Tashkent.

Uzbekistan Currency is Uzbekistan Som.

Uzbekistan official language is Uzbek; Russian.

Uzbekistan located is in Continent Asia.

Uzbekistan Primary Religion is Islam.

Uzbekistan Head of Govt. is Prime Minister – Abdulla Aripov.

Uzbekistan Parliament called Oliy Majlis.

Tricks for Remember

RK13-12-2022

Explanation

Kosovo declared independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008.

It is recognized as a sovereign state by 102 UN member states.

Explanation

The Riksdag is the national legislature of the government of Sweden.

Since 1971, the Riksdag has been a unicameral legislature with 349 members.

Since 1994, fixed four-year terms.

Explanation

World Food Day is observed on 16 October annually.

Theme 2020: Grow, Nourish, Sustain Together: Our Actions Are Our Future

Theme 2021: Our actions are our future

Theme 2022: Leave NO ONE behind

Theme 2023: Water is Life, Water is Food. Leave No One Behind

Note: Food & Agricultural Organization (FAO) was established on 16 October 1945.

Explanation

The Mediterranean Sea borders Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, and Israel.

It is a major body of water that connects Southern Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East.

Explanation

The first Noble Prize to be awarded to a South Asian was awarded to Rabindranath Tagore  

Year	Image	Laureate	Country at the time of the award	Category	Comment
1913		Rabindranath Tagore	British India	Literature	First Asian and Indian Nobel laureate

ND5-5-2023

Explanation

Explanation

Scotland Yard is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Service of London, UK.

By association, a name often used to denote that force.

It is located on the River Thames at Victoria Embankment just north of Westminster Bridge in the City of Westminster.

Explanation

Explanation

Sher Muhammad Khan, better known by his pen name Ibn-e-Insha.

He was a Pakistani Urdu poet, humorist, travelogue writer, and newspaper columnist.

Born: June 15, 1927, Phillaur, India

Died: January 11, 1978, London, United Kingdom

Genre: Ghazal

Notable awards: Pride of Performance Award in 1978 by the President of Pakistan

Explanation

Explanation

Muttiah Muralitharan belongs to Sri Lanka.

Muralitharan has taken 800 wickets in Test cricket.

Muralitharan is a spin-bawler.

Muralitharan is the first cricket from Sri Lanka to be inducted into ICC hall of fame.

Explanation

Explanation

All about Mount Everest

Mount Everest is the Highest peak in the world.

Explanation

Ferdinand Magellan was the first man to sail round the world.

Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese explorer.

Explanation

Sherpa Tenzing: Nepali mountaineer

Edmund Hillary: New Zealand mountaineer

All about Mount Everest

Mount Everest is the Highest peak in the world.

Explanation

Wangari Maathai is a Kenyan politician and environmental activist 

She was awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize for Peace

She became the first Black African woman to win a Nobel Prize.

She was born on April 1, 1940, in Nyeri, Kenya

She died on September 25, 2011, in Nairobi

Explanation

• Novak Djokovic defeated Andy Murray in the final, 6–4, 6–2, 6–3.
• It was his second Australian Open title and second major title overall.

• Djokovic defeated Rafael Nadal in the final, 5–7, 6–4, 6–2, 6–7, 7–5.
• It was his third Australian Open title and fifth major title overall.

Explanation

A white flag is universally recognized as a symbol for surrender.

It indicating a truce or request to negotiate during conflicts.

Explanation

Kofi Annan, the former Secretary-General of the United Nations, was from Ghana. 

He served as the 7th UN Secretary-General from 1997 to 2006.

Explanation

The New York Stock Exchange is located on Wall Street in Lower Manhattan, New York City.

It is the largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization exceeding $25 trillion in July 2024

Founded: May 17, 1792

Explanation

Explanation

The rial was replaced by a new official currency, the toman, between 2020 and 2022.

**

The Iranian Rial is the official legal currency of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Because of its extremely low value, the Iranian rial is not commonly traded in the foreign exchange market.

Its forex symbol is IRR.

Explanation

The 16th President of the USA was Abraham Lincoln.

He served from 1861 to 1865.

The short list of Prime Ministers of USA:

• 1st. George Washington
• 2nd. Adams John Adams
• 3rd. Thomas Jefferson
• 15th. James Buchanan
• 16th. Abraham Lincoln
• 17th. Andrew Johnson
• 44th. Barack Obama
• 45th. Donald Trump
• 46th. Joe Biden (Current)

Explanation

Explanation

• The purest source of natural water is Rainwater. The rainwater at once comes from the condensation of water within the presence of the solar. The water evaporates from the lakes, rivers and seas. all the impurities are eliminated in the course of the vaporization procedure, and then waterfalls immediately into the earth inside the form of rain.
• In chemistry, pure water refers to an natural water solution that is freed from any dissolved salts or gases. easy consuming water, then again, includes lines of minerals like salt and magnesium, as well as carbonates and dissolved gases like oxygen, as required by way of the WHO.
• Rainwater is the purest herbal source of water. within the case of the sun, rainwater is immediately derived from vapour condensation. Ponds, lakes, and rivers evaporate their water. All pollutants are removed during the vaporization step, and water in the shape of rain falls immediately into the soil.
• As a end result, rain is considered the purest type of water.

Explanation

St. Petersburg is a city located on the Neva River in northwest Russia.

It was founded in 1703 by Peter the Great.

It is a major cultural and historical center.

It is known for its stunning architecture, museums, and literary heritage.

It is often referred to as the "Venice of the North".

Explanation

The List of News Agencies of Important Countries:

Pakistan: Associated Press of Pakistan (APP)

China: Xinhua

Russia: TASS (Telegrafnoye agentstvo Sovetskogo Soyuza) 

India: Press Trust of India (PTI)

France: AFP (Agence France-Presse) (also oldest news agency)

Italy: ANSA (Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata)

USA: Associated Press (AP)

Britain: Reuters 

Malaysia: Bernama

Israel: ITIM

Bahrain: BNA (Bahrain News Agency)

Iran: FARS

Syria: SANA (Syrian Arab News Agency)

Yemen: SABA

Indonesia: Antara

Kuwait: KUNA (Kuwait News Agency)

Kenya: KNA (Kenya News Agency)

Japan: KYODO

Explanation

About men’s Cricket World Cup 1975

Edition: First

Format: One Day International (ODI)

Venue: England

Winner: West Indies (First title)

Runners-up: Australia

Participating teams: 08

Total Matches: 15

Most runs: Glenn Turner (total 333 runs)

Glenn Turner belonged: New Zealand

Most wickets: Gary Gilmour (total 11 wickets)

Gary Gilmour belonged: Australia

****** 

Explanation

Mackenzie River, Nelson River, and Fraser River - flow in Canada.

Mackenzie River: Located in the Northwest Territories, it's the longest river in Canada and flows into the Arctic Ocean.

Nelson River: Located in Manitoba, it flows into Hudson Bay.

Fraser River: Located in British Columbia, it flows into the Pacific Ocean.

Explanation

St. Basil's Cathedral is located in Moscow, Russia, on Red Square.

This iconic building, known for its colorful, onion-shaped domes.

It was completed in the 16th century.

It is a symbol of Russian architecture.

Kremlin is in Moscow, the President House.

Explanation

NATO stands for The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation.

It was established in the year 1949.

Its headquarter is located in Brussels, Belgium.

Unlike NPT, SALT, and CTBT, NATO is not related to disarmament.

Explanation

East Timor declared itself independent from Portugal on 28 November 1975, but was invaded by neighboring Indonesia nine days later. The country was later incorporated as a province of Indonesia. During the subsequent two-decade occupation, a campaign of pacification ensued.East Timor (Timor-Leste) Capital is Dili.

East Timor (Timor-Leste) Currency is United States Dollar.

East Timor (Timor-Leste) official language is Tetum; Portuguese.

East Timor (Timor-Leste) located is in Continent Asia.

East Timor (Timor-Leste) Primary Religion is Christianity.

East Timor (Timor-Leste) Head of Govt. is Prime Minister – Taur Matan Ruak.

East Timor (Timor-Leste) Parliament called .

Tricks for Remember

DOLLAR

 Li-Ne-US-Ca-Fi-T-E-A

Mind trick: Li ne(a name) who lives in US likes Coffee(Ca- Fi) and Tea(T-E-A)

**Li-Ne**

Li-Liberia

Ne-New Zealand

**US**

United States

**Ca-Fi**

Ca-Canadian

Fi- Fizzi

**T-E-A**

T-Taiwan

E-Ethiopia

A-Australia

Explanation

The International Labour Organization (ILO) is not a main organ of the United Nations.

It is a specialized agency of the UN.

While the main organs include the International Court of Justice, Security Council, and General Assembly

Explanation

Nelson Mandela spent a major part of his 27 years imprisonment on Robben Island.

Nelson Mandela became the first Black President of South Africa on May 10, 1994, and served until 1999.

Nelson Mandela International Day is celebrated on July 18.

He was imprisoned in 1962 and served 27 years in prison.

Nelson Mandela passed away on December 5, 2013

Explanation

Zimbabwe was formerly known as:

• Southern Rhodesia (1898),
• Rhodesia (1965), 
• Zimbabwe Rhodesia (1979) and get independent 

******

Zimbabwe Capital is Harare.

Zimbabwe Currency is United States Dollar.

Zimbabwe official language is English.

Zimbabwe located is in Continent Africa.

Zimbabwe Primary Religion is Christianity.

Zimbabwe Head of Govt. is President –Emmerson Mnangagwa.

Zimbabwe Parliament called Parliament.

Explanation

Jordan Capital is Amman.

Jordan Currency is Jordanian Dinar.

Jordan official language is Arabic.

Jordan located is in Continent Asia.

Jordan Primary Religion is Islam.

Jordan Head of Govt. is Prime Minister – Bishr Al-Khasawneh.

Jordan Parliament called National Assembly.

Tricks for Remember

DINAR

 K-S in J-A-I-L

**K-S**

K-Kuwait

S-Sudan

**J-A-I-L***

J-Jorden

A-Algeria

I-Iraq

L-Libya

 ND23-9-2023

Explanation

In 1882, Lord Ripon, the Viceroy and Governor-General of India, passed a resolution that established local self-government in India. This resolution is known as the Magna Carta of Local Self Government.

Lord Ripon is also known as the "Good Viceroy of India".

Other reforms by Lord Ripon include the Hunter Commission, the First Factory Act of 1881, and the reorganization of the Madras Forest Department. 

Explanation

In the early period, the endemic known as the "Black Death" is the plague.

The plague is a pandemic disease that devastated Europe in the 14th century, killing an estimated 75 to 200 million people, approximately 30-60% of Europe's population.

Explanation

Israel captured the West Bank and East Jerusalem in the 1967 Middle East war.

The vision for an independent Palestinian state generally includes the West Bank and Gaza, with East Jerusalem as its capital.

******

RY 15-01-2023

Explanation

Currently, about 80% of the world’s goods trade by volume is carried on ships.

Maritime transport is crucial, handling over 70% of global trade by value.

Explanation

The Yemeni Crisis began in 2011–2012

The Yemeni Crisis revolution against President Abdullah Saleh, who had led Yemen for 33 years.

Yemen's political crisis began in 2011, amid the Arab Spring and the ongoing Houthi insurgency.

ND-7-5-2023

Explanation

Geneva is a city in Switzerland 

Geneva is the second-most populous city in Switzerland. 

Geneva the most populous city of Romandy

Geneva is a global city, a financial center, and a worldwide center for diplomacy due to the presence of numerous international organizations,

including the headquarters of many agencies of the United Nations and the Red Cross

ND07-3-2023

Explanation

Germany is a federal multiparty republic with two legislative houses.

Its government is headed by the chancellor (prime minister), who is elected by a majority vote of the Bundestag (Federal Assembly) upon nomination by the president 

Explanation

• The international land border between the United States and Canada is the longest in the world.
• It stretching nearly 8,900 kilometers.
• It established on September 3, 1783, at the end of the American War of Independence.
• It spans 8,891 km (5,525 mi) in total.
• The border has two sections: one between Canada and the contiguous United States to the south, and another with the U.S. state of Alaska to the west.

Explanation

The Battle of Waterloo started on June 18, 1815, marked the final defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte.

Before that Napoleon Bonaparte conquered much of Europe in the early 19th century.

Explanation

The Gobi Desert is a vast, arid region in northern China and southern Mongolia.

Area of the Gobi Desert: 1.295 million km²

Elevation of the Gobi Desert: 1,580 m

Length of the Gobi Desert: 1,500 km (930 mi)

Region of the Gobi Desert: Inner Mongolia

Explanation

The Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) is a multilateral export control regime.

It is an informal political understanding among 35 member states

The regime was formed in 1987 by the G-7 industrialized countries. 

the G7 countries:

1. Canada
2. France
3. Germany
4. Italy
5. Japan
6. the United Kingdom
7. the United States.
   

Explanation

Rafael Nadal is a renowned professional tennis player from Spain, widely recognized for his success on clay courts.

He has won numerous Grand Slam titles throughout his career.