A battery is charging with an EMF of 12 V, internal resistance of 20 Ω, and current of 0.1 A. What is the terminal potential difference?

Answer: 14 V
Explanation
  • Terminal potential difference (V) during charging is given by V=E+IrV = E + Ir, where EE is EMF, II is current, and rr is internal resistance.
  • Substituting values: V=12+(0.1×20)=12+2=14V.V = 12 + (0.1 times 20) = 12 + 2 = 14 , text{V}.
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