Explanation

A hydrogenation reaction occurs when vegetable oils are converted to fats.

The double bonds of vegetable oils are broken down resulting in a saturated fat i.e. ghee.

Explanation

Article 25-A of the Constitution of Pakistan obligates the state to provide free and compulsory education to children aged 5 to 16 years.

This article ensures that every child has access to education as a fundamental right.

Explanation

LINUX is a free and open-source operating system.

********
closed source software for commercial use :

• are Microsoft Office,
• Adobe Acrobat,
• McAfee anti-virus software,
• and so on. *****

Explanation

Karachi is the capital of Sindh.

Karachi is the largest city of Pakistan.

Karachi is also known as 'Economical Hub of Pakistan'.

Explanation

A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power.

The main electronic component used in first-generation counterparts was Vacuum Tubes and Valves.

Leo is called the first-generation computer.

The five generations of computers:

1. First Generation (1946-1959 or 1940-1956): Vacuum tube-based technology (e.g., ENIAC).
2. Second Generation (1959-1965 or 1956-1963): Transistor-based technology.
3. Third Generation (1965-1971 or 1964-1971): Integrated circuit-based technology.
4. Fourth Generation (1972-1980): VLSI microprocessor-based technology.
5. Fifth Generation (1980-present): ULSI microprocessor-based technology, with a focus on artificial intelligence.

Explanation

The sum of the exterior angles of any polygon is always 360 degrees. 

As for the interior angles, the sum of all the interior angles in a polygon is equal to: (n-2) x 180

Explanation

Brazil hold the record for the most FIFA World Cup wins, lifting the title five times. Germany and Italy have won the World Cup four times.

Know about FIFA World Cup 2022

Edition: 22

Held: 20 November 18 December 2022

Matches: 64

Length: 28 days

Hosted by: Qatar

First Asian cities to host FIFA world cup: South Korea & Japan (2002)

First Arab country to host FIFA world: Qatar (2022)

FIFA world cup held in Asia in 2022: Second time

Venues: 8

Cities: 5

Country to provide security: Pakistan

Country to produce ball: Pakistan

Participating countries from Asia: Qatar, Iran, South Korea, Japan & Saudi Arabia

Final to be played: 18 December 2022

Winner: Argentina 

Runner-up: France

Argentina won: third time

Explanation

Two angles are called supplementary when their measures add up to 180 degrees.

Two angles are called complementary when their measures add up to 90 degrees.

Explanation

• A habitat is the natural environment in which a living thing resides.
• Including all the living and non-living factors that affect its survival and growth.

Explanation

In October 1999, General Pervez Musharraf led a military coup to overthrow Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif.

The military seized control of the government on October 12, 1999.

By October 14, 1999, Musharraf was acting as the Chief Executive of Pakistan.