Explanation

• The iris is the colored part of the eye that controls the amount of light entering the eye, much like a diaphragm in a camera.
• It adjusts its aperture (pupil) to regulate the amount of light that reaches the retina.

Explanation

Total internal reflection occurs when light travels from a denser medium (like water) to a rarer medium (like air) and the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle.

Explanation

• Vibration refers to the rapid back and forth movement of an object, often in a repeating pattern.
• This can include motions like oscillations, shakes, or tremors.

Explanation

• Specular (Regular) reflection occurs when a parallel beam of light hits a smooth surface, such as a mirror.
• It is reflected as parallel rays, maintaining its original direction and intensity.

Examples:

• Polished metal surfaces
• Calm surface of a lake
• Calm water and mirrors

Explanation

• Saturn is the second largest planet.
• It's least dense planet.
• The second largest moon in the solar system and it's largest moon; Titan.
• Titan is larger than the planet mercury.

Explanation

• Mars referred to as the Red Planet.
• It has rivers, streams, lakes and ocean.
• It has largest volcano called Olympus Mons.
• It has two moons; Deimos and Phobos.

Explanation

• The Solar System consists of eight planets (Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth, Neptune, Uranus, Saturn, and Jupiter), dwarf planets, asteroids, comets, meteoroids.
• Other smaller bodies that orbit around the Sun due to its gravitational pull.

Explanation

• Butter paper is a translucent material because it allows some light to pass through.
• But also scatters some of the light, making it semi-transparent and creating a diffuse effect.

Explanation

• A stone whirling in a horizontal circle on the end of a string is a classic example of a conical pendulum, a type of physical system that demonstrates principles of circular motion, centrifugal force, and angular momentum.
• The string traces out a cone-shaped path, hence the name "conical pendulum".
• This is different from a simple pendulum, which swings back and forth in a vertical plane.

Explanation

 When a forward bias is applied to a p-n junction:

The potential barrier decreases.

Electrons from the n-side move toward the p-side.

These electrons are minority carriers on the p-side.

As a result, the concentration of electrons on the p-side increases, but only slightly, since it's still a small number compared to the holes (which are majority carriers on the p-side).