Explanation

The efficiency of a Carnot engine is given by 

Efficiency = 1 − 𝑄 rejected /𝑄 accepted

where  𝑄 accepted and  𝑄 rejected is the heat absorbed and rejected, respectively.

Explanation

Almost all organs are completely formed by about 10 weeks after fertilization (which equals 12 weeks of pregnancy).

The exceptions are the brain and spinal cord, which continue to form and develop throughout pregnancy.

Most malformations (birth defects) occur during the period when organs are forming.

Explanation

A carboxylic acid is produced after the acidic hydrolysis of esters and carboxylates are produced after the basic hydrolysis of an ester.

Explanation

Aeronautics is the science of the study, design, and manufacturing of air flight

Aeronautics may be divided into three main branches:

1. Aviation
2. Aeronautical science
3. Aeronautical engineering.
   

Explanation

Funnel-shaped clouds with violent whirlwinds are Tornado

 When violent, it can have a speed of 300 km/h

concept:

A tornado is a violent whirling wind characteristically accompanied by a funnel-shaped cloud.

It extends down from a cumulonimbus cloud that progresses in a narrow, erratic path.

Explanation

When a car crashes into a tree, momentum is generally conserved in an isolated system (assuming no external forces).

Still, kinetic energy is not fully conserved due to energy being converted into other forms like sound, heat, and deformation of the car.

Explanation

Homolytic fission results in the formation of alkyl free radicals, where each atom retains one of the bonding electrons.

Explanation

Lithium (Li) forms only a normal oxide, Li₂O, when reacting with oxygen.

Other alkali metals (like Na, K) form peroxides and superoxides.

Explanation

Lattice energy is calculated using the Born-Haber cycle, considering the heat of sublimation, dissociation, ionization, electron affinity, and heat of formation.

After applying the Born-Haber cycle, the lattice energy of KBr is -679.3 kJ/mol.

Explanation

Alleles of a gene are located at the same locus on homologous chromosomes.

A locus refers to a specific location or position on a chromosome where a particular gene is located.