Explanation

In Photosystem II (PSII), chlorophyll a is present in the reaction center called P680.

P680 absorbs light most efficiently at 680 nm, which lies in the red region of the visible spectrum.

Explanation

A gene is the basic unit of biological information, carrying instructions to build proteins and determine traits.

Genes are located on DNA and passed from parents to offspring, guiding heredity and development.

Explanation

Taq polymerase is an enzyme obtained from the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus.

It is heat-stable and essential for PCR, where it replicates DNA at high temperatures.

Explanation

The period of maturation, intellectual growth, and social graces during the Renaissance is often referred to as the Enlightenment.

The Enlightenment was characterized by a focus on reason, science, and intellectual growth, though it technically followed the Renaissance in history. 

Explanation

The ozone layer exists about 30 km above the Earth's surface.

It is located in the stratosphere.

It plays a crucial role in blocking harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun.

Explanation

The functions of the kidney in the human body include:

1: Filtration:

Removes waste products and excess substances from the blood, forming urine.

2: Regulation:

Balances electrolytes, water, and pH levels in the body.

3: Blood Pressure Control:

Regulates blood pressure by managing the volume of fluids and releasing the hormone renin.

4: Erythropoiesis:

Produces erythropoietin, which stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow.

5: Detoxification:

Eliminates toxins and drugs from the bloodstream.

6: Vitamin D Activation:

Converts vitamin D into its active form, which is essential for calcium absorption and bone health.

Explanation

• Acid rain affects the photosynthesis and growth of plants.
• Acid rain can alter soil chemistry and damage leaves, which in turn negatively impacts the photosynthesis process and overall plant health.

Explanation

• Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction where only one parent is involved, and offspring are produced without the fusion of gametes (sex cells).
• This means that the offspring are genetically identical to the parent.

Explanation

• Cross-Pollination is the transfer of mature pollen grains from the anther of one flower to the stigma of a flower on another plant of the same or different species.
• This means that the pollen is transferred between different plants, allowing for genetic diversity and increased fertility.

Explanation

• Transpiration is the process by which water is transported through the plant and evaporates from the aerial parts.
• Such as leaves, stems, and flowers, primarily through small openings called stomata.