Explanation

The diagnosis of Wilson disease is definitively established when there is evidence of Kayser-Fleischer rings

Significantly elevated hepatic copper concentration was obtained through a liver biopsy and a low serum ceruloplasmin level

Particularly in cases where the diagnosis is suspected

Explanation

• The lungs are responsible for exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide through the process of respiration.
• Oxygen from the air we breathe in is absorbed into the bloodstream.
• Carbon dioxide, a waste product, is removed from the bloodstream and exhaled out.

Explanation

• The nose not only takes in air from our surroundings.
• But it also warms, moistens, and filters the air before it goes to the lungs.
• The nasal passages contain tiny hairs called cilia and mucous membranes that help to trap dust, bacteria, and other particles, preventing them from entering the lungs.
  

Explanation

• The nose has two holes, the nostrils, which take in air from our surroundings and pass it to the lungs through the nasal passages.
• The nose is responsible for breathing, smelling, and filtering the air we breathe.

Explanation

• The Ear is the body part responsible for hearing and maintaining the body's balance.
• The ear consists of the outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear.

Explanation

• Storage: Holds food temporarily
• Mechanical and chemical breakdown: Mixes and digests food with enzymes and acids
• Liquification: Converts food into a liquid mixture (chyme)
• Emptying: Releases chyme into the small intestine for nutrient absorption

Explanation

Pulmonary embolism is a critical concern after surgery, especially in patients with risk factors such as:

• immobility
• surgery duration,
• history of deep vein thrombosis

It can present suddenly with acute shortness of breath, chest pain, and potentially life-threatening hemodynamic instability.

Explanation

Clubbing (enlargement and rounding of the fingertips) is not typically associated with Plummer-Vinson syndrome.

Plummer-Vinson syndrome, also known as Paterson-Brown-Kelly syndrome, is characterized by the following features:

1. Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing, typically due to esophageal webs.
2. Angular stomatitis (angular cheilitis): Inflammation and cracks at the corners of the mouth.
3. Anemia: Usually iron deficiency anemia, which contributes to other symptoms.
4. Pale conjunctiva: A sign of anemia.

Explanation

The dermis is the layer of skin beneath the epidermis, and it contains:

• Blood vessels (which supply oxygen and nutrients to the skin)
• Nerve endings (which transmit sensory information)
• Hair follicles (which produce hair)
• Sebaceous glands (which produce oil)
• Sweat glands (which produce sweat)
• Collagen and elastin fibers (which provide structure and elasticity)

A layer of dead cells is actually a characteristic of the epidermis, the outermost layer of skin, where dead skin cells are constantly shed and replaced by new ones.

So, the correct answer is A layer of dead cells!

Explanation

Essential elements are the elements that plants require to complete their life cycle and are necessary for normal growth and development. There are 17 essential elements that plants require, including:

1. Carbon (C)
2. Hydrogen (H)
3. Oxygen (O)
4. Nitrogen (N)
5. Phosphorus (P)
6. Potassium (K)
7. Calcium (Ca)
8. Magnesium (Mg)
9. Sulfur (S)
10. Iron (Fe)
11. Zinc (Zn)
12. Copper (Cu)
13. Manganese (Mn)
14. Boron (B)
15. Molybdenum (Mo)
16. Chlorine (Cl)
17. Nickel (Ni)