Explanation

All species are given scientific names, also known as binomial nomenclature or Latin names.

This system was developed by Carolus Linnaeus.

It is used universally by biologists and scientists to identify and classify species.

Explanation

Total internal reflection occurs when a light wave reaches the boundary between a denser medium and a rarer medium.

All of the light is reflected back into the denser medium.

Explanation

Security scanners used at night typically employ infrared (IR) technology to detect heat signatures, allowing for nighttime surveillance.

IR waves have a longer wavelength than visible light, making them ideal for detecting heat radiation from objects or people.

Explanation

A centrifuge is a machine that uses centrifugal force to separate particles of different densities or sizes from a mixture.

It is commonly used to separate:

• Liquids from solids (e.g., mud, sludge)
• Heavy particles from lighter particles (e.g., sedimentation)
• Immiscible liquids (e.g., oil and water)

Explanation

Soap is a type of salt that is formed from the reaction of a fatty acid with an alkali, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide.

Fatty acids are long-chain carboxylic acids that are found in fats and oils.

Explanation

Temporary hard water is caused by the presence of dissolved calcium and magnesium bicarbonates (Ca(HCO3)2 and Mg(HCO3)2).

These salts are commonly found in natural water sources and can enter the water supply through contact with limestone, dolomite, and other mineral deposits.

Explanation

Explanation

G is the gravitational constant, also known as the universal gravitational constant.

It is a fundamental constant of nature that describes the strength of gravitational attraction between objects.

The currently accepted numerical value of G is 6.673 × 10^-11 Nm^2 kg^-2.

Explanation

The bar is a unit of pressure, equal to 100,000 Pa. The bar is not an SI unit, but is accepted for use with SI by BIPM - The International Bureau of Weights and Measures

Explanation

Lumen refers to the empty space inside dead cells of xylem vessels, which are arranged vertically and form the vascular tissue in plants.

The lumen provides a pathway for water and mineral transport from roots to leaves.