Explanation

• The Equator is an imaginary line that runs east-west around the middle of the Earth, dividing it into the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.
• It is located at 0° latitude (0° N or 0° S).

Explanation

Sound waves are longitudinal waves. When longitudinal waves travel through any given medium, they also include compressions and rarefactions.

Explanation

• If the pH value is greater than 7, the solution is basic (also known as alkaline).
• This means that the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) is higher than the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+).

Key Points:

• pH < 7: Acidic
• pH = 7: Neutral
• pH > 7: Basic (or alkaline)

Explanation

How is the Rainbow formed? 5 marks

Rainbow:

"A rainbow is a meteorological and optical phenomenon that is caused by the reflection, refraction, and dispersion of light in water droplets"

Color of Rianbow:

The colors of the rainbow are:

1. Red
2. orange
3. yellow
4. green
5. blue
6. indigo
7. and violet.

Rainbow formed:

• When sunlight hits a rain droplet, some of the light is reflected.
  
• The electromagnetic spectrum is made of light with many different wavelengths, and each is reflected at a different angle.
• Thus, the spectrum is separated, producing a rainbow.

Explanation

The direction of the magnetic field lines inside a bar magnet is from south pole to north pole.

This is the opposite direction of the field lines outside the magnet, which go from the north pole to the south pole.

Explanation

The depletion of the Earth's ozone layer allows more harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun to reach the Earth's surface, leading to:

• Increased risk of skin cancer and cataracts in humans
• Damage to crops and marine life
• Disruption of ecosystems

Explanation

the direction of the magnetic field lines gets reversed when the direction of the current flowing through the conductor is reversed.

Explanation

Explanation

• Oxygen (O2) is the gas used to extract energy from food during cellular respiration.
• It releasing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.

Explanation

Polarization is a property of transverse waves, where the direction of vibration can be oriented in various directions.

Ultrasonic waves are longitudinal waves and cannot be polarized.