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A. Language divergence
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B. Language convergence
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C. None of these
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D. Language contact
Explanation
- Language divergence occurs when a single language splits into distinct dialects or new languages due to geographical or social separation.
- Over time, isolation leads to linguistic changes, making communication between the groups difficult or impossible.
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A. Convergence
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B. None of these
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C. Language contact
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D. Language blending
Explanation
- Convergence occurs when two languages interact closely and develop shared linguistic features.
- This happens due to prolonged contact between speakers of different languages.
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A. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
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B. Linguistic Typology
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C. None of these
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D. Descriptive Linguistics
Explanation
- The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis (Linguistic Relativity) suggests that language shapes thought and perception.
- It proposes that speakers of different languages perceive and interpret the world differently based on their linguistic structures.
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A. Snapshot Approach
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B. Synchronism
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C. None of these
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D. Diachronism
Explanation
- Diachronism studies the historical development and changes in language over time.
- It contrasts with synchronism, which examines language at a specific point in time.
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A. Corresponding
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B. All of these
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C. Blending
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D. Conversion and Clipping
Explanation
- Email is formed through clipping (from "electronic mail") and blending (combining parts of two words).
- It also undergoes conversion (used as both noun and verb) and corresponding linguistic changes in usage.
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A. "Sun"
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B. "Selfie"
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C. "Dog"
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D. None of these
Explanation
- A neologism is a newly coined word or expression that has recently entered the language.
- "Selfie" is a modern term that emerged with the rise of smartphones and social media, making it a clear example of a neologism.
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A. Jargon
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B. None of these
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C. Pidgin
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D. Parole
Explanation
- Pidgin is a simplified language that develops between groups who do not share a common language, often for trade or communication.
- It has limited vocabulary and grammar, usually borrowing from multiple languages without native speakers.
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A. None of these
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B. Dialect
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C. Register
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D. Style
Explanation
- In linguistics, a register refers to a specific variety of language used in a particular social setting or for a specific purpose.
- Examples include formal register (used in official speeches) and informal register (used in casual conversations).
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A. Branch of linguistics
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B. Parts of language
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C. Levels of linguistics
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D. None of these
Explanation
- Phonology, morphology, and syntax are different levels at which language is studied in linguistics.
- They each focus on specific aspects: phonology (sounds), morphology (word formation), and syntax (sentence structure).
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A. Michael Halliday
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B. J.L. Austin
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C. None of these
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D. Bertrand Russell
Explanation
- J.L. Austin introduced the concept of speech acts, dividing them into locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts.
- His work, How to Do Things with Words (1962), is foundational in speech act theory.
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