A. J.L. Austin
B. None of these
C. William Labov
D. Piaget
Explanation
J.L. Austin developed Speech Act Theory, which examines how language functions as a tool for performing actions. He introduced the concept of performatives , where utterances can act as actions themselves, like making promises or giving orders. Show/Hide Explanation
A. Lingua Franca
B. None of these
C. Creole
D. Pidgin
Explanation
Pidgin is a simplified language that develops as a means of communication between groups with no common language, typically for trade or other specific needs. It usually has a limited vocabulary and simplified grammar compared to fully developed languages. Show/Hide Explanation
A. Syntax
B. Transformational Grammar
C. None of these
D. Universal Grammar
Explanation
Universal Grammar refers to the theory that certain grammatical structures are shared by all languages and are innate to human beings. It suggests that humans are born with an inherent ability to acquire language , and these universal structures form the basis for all languages. Show/Hide Explanation
A. Socio-linguistics
B. Applied linguistics
C. None of these
D. Psycho-linguistics
Explanation
Psycho-linguistics studies the mental processes involved in language acquisition, storage, and processing in the brain. It focuses on how individuals learn, comprehend, and produce language, examining both cognitive and neural mechanisms. Show/Hide Explanation
A. None of these
B. Noam Chomsky
C. Charles Sanders Peirce
D. Leonard Bloomfield
Explanation
Chomsky introduced the concepts of " competence " and " performance ," which parallel Saussure’s " langue " and "parole." " Competence " refers to an idealized knowledge of language, while " performance " is its actual use in speech. Show/Hide Explanation
A. Idiosyncrasy
B. Synchronic
C. None of these
D. Diachronic
Explanation
Diachronic linguistics studies language evolution over time. It contrasts with synchronic linguistics , which examines language at a specific moment. Show/Hide Explanation
A. Parole
B. Paradigmatic
C. Performance
D. None of these
Explanation
Performance refers to the actual use of language in real situations. Chomsky contrasted it with " competence ," which is knowledge of language. Show/Hide Explanation
A. A white and black dog are barking
B. None of these
C. A white and black dog is barking
D. A white and a black dog is barking
Explanation
When two colors describe a single subject ( the dog ), "is" is used with " and ," indicating one dog with both colors, not multiple dogs.
Show/Hide Explanation
A. None of these
B. Neither Ali nor Aslam has taken his test.
C. Neither Ali nor Aslam have taken his test.
D. Neither Ali nor Aslam has taken their test.
Explanation
" Neither...nor " takes a singular verb , so " has " is correct.
The pronoun " his " agrees with the singular subject (Ali or Aslam).
Show/Hide Explanation
A. I don't know why did he leave early
B. I should know why was he leaving early
C. I don't know why he left early.
D. I need not to know why he left early
Explanation
This sentence is grammatically correct : " I need not to know why he left early ".
Show/Hide Explanation
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