ایک عدد جو کسی مرکب میں ہر ایٹم یا آئن کو تفویض کیا جاتا ہے جو اس کی آکسیڈیشن کی ڈگری کو بتاتا ہے کہلاتا ہے؟
A. Oxidation number
B. Oxidation state and number
C. Oxidation state only
D. Oxidation degree only
Explanation
An oxidation number (also known as oxidation state) is a number assigned to an atom or ion in a compound that represents its degree of oxidation, or its hypothetical charge if all its bonds were ionic.
It is a way to keep track of the number of electrons gained or lost by an atom in a chemical reaction.
The removal of the 7th electron from an element of Group VI of the periodic table needs three times more energy than the removal of the 6th electron.
This is because the ionization energy increases as you remove more electrons from an atom, and this is due to the fact that the electrons that are left behind are more strongly attracted to the positive nucleus.
کرومیم ایٹم کے لیے انتہائی مستحکم الیکٹرانک کنفیگریشن اس طرح تجویز کی جا سکتی ہے
A. 3d^4, 4s^1
B. 3d^5, 4s^1
C. 3d^5, 4s^2
D. 3d^5, 5s^2
Explanation
The electronic configuration of chromium is 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 3 s 2 3 p 6 4 s 1 3 d 5 .
In the case of Chromium, after the 4s2 3d4 configuration is attained, an electron from the 4s orbitaljumps to the 3d subshell because 3d5 is a much more stable configuration than 3d4.
That's why thefinal configuration for Chromium is 4s1 3d5.
3d5 4s1 has a half-filled 'd' subshell and 's' subshell so this electronic configuration is more stable.
John Bardeen was an American physicist. He is the only person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics twice: first in 1956 with William Shockley and Walter Brattain for the invention of the transistor; and again in 1972 with Leon N Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer for a fundamental theory of conventional superconductivity known as the BCS theory.
