Explanation

Capacitation is the physiological process that sperm must undergo to gain the ability to penetrate and fertilize an egg.

This process occurs after the sperm enters the female reproductive tract

They involve a series of biochemical changes that enhance the sperm's motility, and its ability to bind to the egg.

It is distinct from spermiogenesis (the final stage of sperm development), the acrosome reaction (which occurs later during fertilization), and fertilization itself

Explanation

Active immunity is developed when the body’s immune system responds to an infection by producing its own antibodies.

Passive immunity occurs through injection or transfer of antibodies, but active immunity requires antigen exposure.

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An ulcer is a wound that fails to heal and often becomes chronic.

Unlike contaminated or infected wounds, ulcers persist over time with tissue loss.

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Ovariohysterectomy is removal of ovaries and uterus, used for sterilization, preventing estrous, and pyometra in females.

It cannot prevent prostate cancer, which is a male reproductive organ disease.