Explanation

Calcium oxalate accounts for ~70% of kidney stones, forming crystals when urine is concentrated.

It results from high oxalate intake (e.g., spinach, nuts) or metabolic imbalances.

Explanation

Portfolio Assessment: Involves a systematic collection of student work (e.g., essays, projects) to demonstrate progress and skills over time.

It provides a holistic view of learning, unlike one-time tests (formative/diagnostic).

Explanation

Cardinal directions are the four main directions:

1. North
2. South
3. East
4. West

Northeast is an intercardinal (or ordinal) direction, not a cardinal one.

Explanation

The sentence talks about a past event ("last birthday"), so past tense is needed.

"Were" is the correct past tense form of "are" for you.

Explanation

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) stores and transfers energy released in catabolism to drive anabolic reactions.

It acts as the main energy currency of the cell.

Explanation

Potash mica (also known as muscovite) is an aluminum silicate mineral containing potassium.

It is a significant source of aluminum in silicate form.

Explanation

Hate and Rate are rhyming words with different meanings — they form a wordplay pair.

Path and Wrath also rhyme and have different meanings, matching the same relationship.

Explanation

Reflex actions are rapid, involuntary responses controlled by the spinal cord, a part of the central nervous system (CNS).

The brain may be informed, but the action is completed via the spinal reflex arc.

Explanation

Rose is a dicot plant, meaning it has two seed leaves (cotyledons) in its seed.

Maize and Bamboo are monocots, having only one seed leaf.

Explanation

The number of different types of gametes is calculated using the formula 2ⁿ, where n is the number of heterozygous gene pairs.

In genotype AaBb, there are 2 heterozygous pairs (A/a and B/b), so 2² = 4 types of gametes: AB, Ab, aB, ab.