Explanation

Vertex coloring is a way of assigning colors to the vertices of a graph such that:

• Any two adjacent vertices (connected by an edge) have different colors.
• The minimum number of colors is used.

This is also known as "proper vertex coloring" or "graph coloring".

It's a fundamental concept in graph theory, used to solve various problems in computer science, networking, and other fields.

Explanation

• A function f from A to B is called an onto function (or surjective function) if its range is equal to the codomain B.
• In other words, every element in B is the image of at least one element in A.
• This means that the function covers all the elements in the codomain B, and no element in B is left out.
• So, the correct answer is B.

Explanation

The word BOTSWANA has 8 letters, but it has two repeated letters (two S's and two A's).

To find the total number of words that can be formed, we need to divide the total number of permutations (8!) by the number of repetitions (2! for each pair of repeated letters).

So, the correct calculation is:

8! / (2! × 2!)

= 40320 / (2 × 2) = 40320 / 4 = 10080

Explanation

• Paracrine messenger molecules, such as hormones and growth factors, are small, short-lived molecules that are secreted by cells and act on nearby cells.
• They are typically peptides, amino acids, or steroids, and are broken down quickly by enzymes, making them unstable.

Explanation

The sequence appears to be formed by adding consecutive multiples of 4:

1 + 1 = 2

2 + 4 = 6

6 + 16 = 22

22 + 64 = 86

So, the next number in the sequence would be 86.

Explanation

• A data mart is a subset of a data warehouse that is focused on a specific functional area or department, such as marketing, sales, or finance.
• It contains a subset of the data warehouse's data, but is designed to be more accessible and user-friendly for a specific group of users.

Explanation

• The pre-processing time of Rabin and Karp Algorithm is Theta(m).
• The for loop in the pre-processing algorithm runs for m (the length of the pattern) times, hence the pre-processing time is Theta(m).
• This is the time complexity of the pre-processing phase of the Karp-Rabin algorithm.

Explanation

The extraction of a square root of a given number is a unary operation because it takes only one operand (the number) and returns a value (the square root).

Explanation

• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are not flammable and toxic.
• They are actually non-flammable and non-toxic, but harmful to the environment due to their role in ozone depletion and climate change.

Explanation

A socket is a endpoint for communication between two devices (computer, phone, etc.) in a network. It is a 4-tuple that consists of:

1. Source IP address
2. Source port
3. Destination IP address
4. Destination port