Explanation

In a rotating spaceship, to produce artificial gravity, the centripetal force pushes the objects towards the outer wall.

This force acts outward on the objects inside the spaceship, simulating the effect of gravity.

Explanation

• Sputnik 1 was launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957.
• It from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, marking the beginning of the space age.
• The successful launch shocked the world and triggered the Space Race between the Soviet Union and the United States.

Explanation

• The unit of electric resistance is Ohms (Ω).
• Ohms measure the opposition to the flow of electric current.
• It represented by the symbol "R" in equations, such as R=V/I.

Explanation

• The principal axis is a horizontal line that passes through the centre of the lens, perpendicular to its surface.
• It is the central axis around which the lens is symmetrical.

Explanation

• Sound travels slowest in air, with a speed of approximately 343 meters per second (m/s) at 20°C.
• This is because air is a gas and has a low density and stiffness, which allows sound waves to propagate more slowly through the material.

The speeds of sound in different materials:

• Air: 343 m/s
• Water: 1433 m/s
• Wood: 3300-3600 m/s
• Brick: 4176 m/s
• Steel: 6100 m/s
• Diamond: 12000 m/s

Explanation

Weather satellites are used to provide weather forecasting and monitoring of weather patterns, climate change.

Explanation

• A plane mirror produces an image that is the same size as the object.
• The mirror doesn't magnify or reduce the image, it simply reflects it.

Explanation

• Transmission occurs when light passes through a substance without being absorbed, reflected, or refracted.
• The light wave maintains its intensity and direction as it travels through the substance, emerging unchanged on the other side.

Explanation

Torricelli's theorem is specifically used to find the velocity of efflux.

It states that the velocity of fluid flowing out of an opening (such as a small hole in a container) can be found using the equation:

v=  under root 2gh

where:

 𝑣 is the velocity of efflux,

𝑔  is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.81 m/s²),

ℎ  is the height of the fluid above the opening.

This theorem is particularly useful in situations involving the flow of liquids through openings or nozzles.

Explanation

Potential energy is the stored form of energy in an object, which can be released when the object is moved, stretched, or compressed.

Examples:

• Gravitational potential energy (e.g., a ball at the top of a hill)
• Elastic potential energy (e.g., a stretched rubber band)
• Electrical potential energy (e.g., a charged battery)