Explanation

In the equation PV = nRT, R is the Universal Gas Constant, used in the ideal gas law.

Its value is 8.31 J/mol·K.

It links pressure, volume, temperature, and amount of gas.

Explanation

When θ = 0°, the force and displacement are in the same direction, and the work done is maximum.

The formula simplifies to W = F ⋅ d, meaning all the force contributes to the displacement.

Explanation

According to Newton's First Law of Motion, the mass of an object measures its inertia.

It is the resistance of an object to changes in its state of motion.

Explanation

Polar Capacitor is not a type of capacitor

A polar capacitor is NOT a type of capacitor because it does not exist in the classification of capacitors.

a capacitor is a device that stores electrical energy.

****

Explanation

When a radioactive nuclide emits a beta (β) particle, it undergoes beta decay.

In beta decay, a neutron in the nucleus is converted into a proton and an electron (the beta particle).

As a result, the atomic number (proton number) of the nucleus increases by 1.

Explanation

A magnetic compass is a device that responds to the presence of a magnetic field by aligning its needle with the direction of the field.

It is a common tool used to detect and measure magnetic fields.

Explanation

Ohm's Law states that the current (I) flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage (V) applied across it, and inversely proportional to the resistance (R) of the conductor.

Mathematically, this is expressed as: I = V/R Or, V = I × R

This means that as the voltage increases, the current increases, provided the resistance remains constant.

Explanation

Efficiency is the ratio of output to input, often expressed as a percentage.

It represents how much of the input energy is actually converted into useful output energy, with the rest being lost as waste or heat.

Key Points:

• Energy is the ability to do work.
• Work is the transfer of energy through a force applied over a distance.
• Power is the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred.

Explanation

When a gas is heated in a container of fixed volume, the molecules of the gas:

• Move faster (their kinetic energy increases, causing them to move more rapidly)
• Collide more frequently with the container walls (resulting in increased pressure)
• Do not expand (the container volume is fixed)
• Do not move further apart (the density of the gas remains the same, as the volume

Explanation

Neutral equilibrium is a state where the body is balanced, but the slightest disturbance will not cause it to return to its original position or topple over.

In this state, the center of gravity (CG) remains at the same height, regardless of the slight tilt or displacement.

Key Points: 

• A body is in unstable equilibrium after slight tilt if its center of gravity remains above the point of contact.
  
• A body is in stable equilibrium after slight tilt if its center of gravity remains above the point of contact.