Explanation

The potential energy (PE) of an object is calculated as:

PE = mass x gravity x height

= 1 kg x 10 m/s^2 x 1 m

= 10 Joule

So, the energy possessed by the body is 10 Joule.

Explanation

• Friction is a force that opposes motion between two bodies in contact, and it arises due to the interaction between the surfaces in contact.
• The roughness of the surfaces, including microscopic imperfections and irregularities, leads to interlocking and resistance to motion.
• This resistance is what we experience as friction.

Explanation

Momentum is the quantity of motion contained in a body.

It is defined as the product of an object's mass and velocity.

Momentum is a vector quantity and is typically represented by the symbol "p".

Explanation

Heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to change the temperature of a substance by a given amount.

It is calculated as the product of the mass of the substance and its specific heat capacity:

Heat Capacity = mass x specific heat capacity

Explanation

Coal, gas, and oil are all examples of fossil fuels, which are energy resources formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals over millions of years.

Fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy.

Additional Information:

• Tidal energy is energy generated from ocean tides
• Nuclear energy is energy generated from the nucleus of atoms
• Biomass energy is energy generated from organic matter (plants, wood, waste)

Explanation

When a gas is heated in a sealed cylinder:

• The temperature of the gas increases (by definition of heating).
• The average kinetic energy of the particles increases (as the temperature rises, the molecules move faster).
• The pressure inside the container increases (as the molecules move faster and collide more frequently with the container walls).

Explanation

Rockets are used to put satellites into orbit around the Earth.

Rockets provide the necessary thrust and velocity to overcome the Earth's gravitational pull and reach the desired altitude and orbit.

Explanation

The numerical value of G (the gravitational constant) remains constant everywhere in the universe, regardless of the location, time, or conditions.

G is a fundamental constant of nature that describes the strength of gravitational attraction between objects.

Explanation

According to Newton's law of universal gravitation, the force of gravity (F) is proportional to:

• The product of the two masses (m1 and m2): F ∝ m1 m2
• The inverse square of the distance (r) between the centers of the two objects: F ∝ 1/r^2

Explanation

The International System of Units (SI) is a modern metric system that defines the units of measurement for base quantities.

Such as length, mass, time, current, temperature, amount of substance, and luminous intensity.

The SI system was established in 1960 and is widely used across the world as a standardized system of measurement.