Explanation

Engaging multiple parts of the brain (e.g., through visual, auditory, and kinesthetic methods) helps in stronger memory formation.

This leads to better retention of information and deeper understanding.

Here Retain means حاصل کرنا

Explanation

Instructional Strategy refers to the organized plan and techniques a teacher uses to deliver a lesson effectively.

It helps in practicing the method that aligns with the learning objectives to achieve desired outcomes.

Explanation

Set refers to the learner’s readiness to take action, mentally, physically, or emotionally.

It is a psychomotor domain level indicating preparation to perform a skill or task.

Explanation

Assessment is the process of gathering information about a learner’s performance for decision-making.

It includes various tools like tests, observations, and assignments used in performance reviews.

Explanation

• Micro planning is a detailed and specific type of planning that involves setting concrete goals, objectives, and strategies for a specific period.
• Both middle management and lower management are involved in micro planning, as they work together to develop and implement detailed plans for their teams and departments.

Explanation

Behaviorism focuses on observable behavior rather than studying the mind, as it believes mental processes cannot be objectively measured.

Functionalism studies mental processes in terms of their function in adapting to the environment.

Humanism emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization.

Explanation

Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936), a Russian physiologist, discovered classical conditioning in the early 1900s.

Known for:

Founder of modern behavior therapy

Classical conditioning

Explanation

Mental retardation (now called intellectual disability) refers to below-average intellectual functioning with adaptive behavior challenges.

It must appear during the developmental period (before age 18).

Explanation

According to David Carr's work on ethics and teaching, the basic assumption is that teaching is an ethical duty, not just a technical or professional task.

He emphasizes the moral responsibility of teachers in shaping character and values in learners.

Explanation

Jean Piaget proposed that as children grow, their schemes (mental representations) become more complex, abstract, and realistic through stages of cognitive development.

These stages include sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational stages.