Explanation

• If a reaction rate does not change with concentration, then it is Zero order.
• In zero-order reactions, the rate is constant and independent of the concentration of the reactants.
• It means that changes in concentration do not affect the reaction rate.

Explanation

Magnesium deficiency can contribute to or exacerbate all of the following health issues:

• Painful joints: Magnesium helps regulate inflammation and muscle function, and deficiency can lead to joint pain and stiffness.
• Osteoporosis: Magnesium is essential for bone mineralization and density; deficiency can increase the risk of osteoporosis and fractures.
• Memory loss: Magnesium plays a role in neuronal function and synaptic plasticity; deficiency has been linked to cognitive impairment and memory loss.
• Diabetes: Magnesium helps regulate insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism; deficiency can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Explanation

The covalent bond between glucose and fructose, forming sucrose, is called a glycosidic bond, specifically a 1-2 glycosidic linkage.

This bond is formed through a dehydration reaction where a water molecule is removed when the two monosaccharides join. 

Explanation

 Propanoyl chloride is an acid chloride, which is a type of acid halide.

Acid halides are characterized by a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to a halogen atom (like chlorine).

The general formula for an acid halide is RCO-X, where R is an alkyl group and X is a halogen. 

Explanation

The type of nerve impulse in a non-myelinated neuron is continuous. 

In unmyelinated neurons, the action potential travels along the entire axon membrane, requiring continuous depolarization and repolarization.

Whereas in myelinated neurons, the action potential "jumps" from node to node (saltatory conduction), which is much faster. 

Explanation

An enzyme without its cofactor is called an apoenzyme.

Apoenzymes are the inactive protein component of an enzyme, requiring a cofactor to become catalytically active and form a holoenzyme. 

Explanation

 Lenz's law is a consequence of the law of conservation of energy. 

Lenz's law states that the induced current in a conductor always opposes the change in magnetic flux that caused it, which is essentially a way of ensuring that energy is conserved. 

Explanation

According to Graham’s Law of Diffusion, gases with lower molar mass diffuse faster.

Molar masses:

- H₂ = 2 g/mol (lowest)

- He = 4 g/mol  

- N₂ = 28 g/mol  

- CO₂ = 44 g/mol  

Since H₂ has the smallest molar mass, it will diffuse the fastest and thus escape in the least time. 

Explanation

The depletion of the ozone layer is primarily caused by the release of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).

It break down ozone molecules, reducing the protective layer that shields the Earth from harmful UV radiation.

Explanation

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most abundant antibody in the human body.

It plays a crucial role in long-term immunity by recognizing and neutralizing pathogens.

IgG antibodies are produced after exposure to an antigen, such as a vaccine.

They persist in the bloodstream for an extended period, allowing the body to respond to subsequent infections with the same pathogen quickly.

IgG can also cross the placenta, providing passive immunity to newborns.